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Applications of Natural Fibers–Reinforced Composites (I)
Published in Shishir Sinha, G. L. Devnani, Natural Fiber Composites, 2022
Bumpers are used to protect a vehicle during any collision. They are fixed on the back and forward-facing end of cars. They guard the car parts such as headlights and taillights, hood, fender, exhaust, and chilling system.
Conceptual design and analysis of a car bumper using finite element method
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2021
Laxmikant G Keni, Vaibhav Singh, Navjoth Singh, Akash Thyagi, Sagar Kalburgi, Chethan K N
Due to intrinsic or extrinsic conditions, the number of car accidents has increased currently across the globe. In automobiles, a bumper is a component that is placed at the front and rear end of the car. It is designed to withstand and reduce the amount of impact considering the vehicle’s safety systems. In this work finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the existing bumper by replacing new honeycomb structures with different sizes. This work will help the automotive industries to know the effect of honeycomb structures on the bumper. Honeycomb structures can be replaced with the presently existing designs as it is having more energy absorbing capacity. Concerning the point of safety, the occupant will be safeguarded during the impact or collision.
Revamping the vehicle protection system using next-generation car bumper to mitigate pedestrian fatality
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2022
Sushruth Keval, Rakesh Rayapureddi, Jaswant Gurajala, Vagvala Raghavan, Ankit Gupta
The bumper provided in the front end of the car has two main functions: first to absorb the impact or sudden loads during collisions and secondly to safeguard the expensive components such as the radiator, compressor, and engine block, etc., by damping the forces generated during a collision. Pedestrian accidents are a significant issue in many countries such as India [1], China [2], Australia [3], etc. Many researchers have identified the speed of the vehicle as one of the major reasons for such crashes [4–6]. According to the world health organisation's global road traffic fatality estimate, over 2,73,000 pedestrians have lost their lives in vehicular crashes which equalise to 22% of all road traffic fatalities [7]. Since the past few decades, significant changes are made to ensure the safety of pedestrians and passengers. However, such accidents have never reduced, taking many lives. Therefore, this clearly demands a need for more research that takes proactive measures to keep the pedestrian safe during crashes. It is observed in Figure 1 that lower limb injuries are most common during the frontal collision in a car–pedestrian crash which makes designing a car bumper that ensures pedestrian and occupant safety at a competitive cost a great challenge faced by the automotive industry. The use of good bumpers in terms of their alignment, thickness, and other parameters are capable to reduce pedestrian injuries to a certain extent [8] which is mainly because energy damping during low-impact collision is a result of the bumper beam deflection within the elastic limits. In contrast, when the bumper deflection fails to damp the excessive load generated during a high-impact collision, the main body frame and the bumper system are crushed. This crushing lead to the damage of the components such as radiator, headlights, compressor, etc., which is associated with the high repair cost.
Crashworthiness assessment of foam-filled internally strengthened carbon fibre-reinforced composite tubes under axial compression
Published in International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2023
Hassan Alshahrani, B. Almeshari, Marwa A. Abd El-baky, Tamer A. Sebaey
Due to their higher specific modulus and strength, fatigue resistance, and light weight compared to traditional materials, fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites are in a constant growth state for several applications. One of these applications is the automotive structures. The interest in composite structures in automotive application is justified by the lightweight, that results in lower carbon emission [1]. Energy absorbers are used to absorb the collision energy in a controlled manner in accidents before transferring it to the passenger compartment, which increases passenger safety. Bumper, in automotive applications, is a structure attached to the vehicle at both front and rear end to dissipate the kinetic energy generated by an impact and protect the vehicle components and its occupants. An ideal bumper energy absorbing system should be crash-worthy at both low-speed and high-speed collisions as well as meet the requirement of pedestrian safety. Automobile bumpers typically enclose rigid reinforcement beams, soft energy absorbers, low bumper reinforcements, and energy absorbers that are manufactured separately and then assembled [2]. In aircraft structures, the sensitivity to dynamic loadings from impact, explosive blast or crash makes the understanding of structural energy absorption and implementation of specific energy absorbers an important and critical aspect (a collision with a bird during flight can lead to serious damage to the aircraft). The effect can be severe on both the structural and moving parts (for example, the rotor helicopter blades) [3]. Traditionally, metallic structures have been extensively considered as energy absorbers because of their significant plastic deformation characteristics and capabilities in processing. Nowadays, composites are being widely used in these structures due to their ability to consume the impact energy in different damage mechanisms [4]. When considering survivability, composite laminated materials show the best behaviour and results compared to the other materials that are nowadays used in aviation [3].