China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Artificial Intelligence
Published in Ravi Das, Practical AI for Cybersecurity, 2021
The paper John Searle wrote also laid down the two types of Artificial Intelligence that could potentially exist: Strong AI:This is when a computer truly understands and is fully cognizant of what is transpiring around it. This could even involve the computer having some sort of emotions and creativity attached to it. This area of Artificial Intelligence is also technically known as “Artificial General Intelligence,” or “AGI” for short.Weak AI:This is a form of Artificial Intelligence that is deemed to be not so strong in nature, and is given a very narrowed focus or set of tasks to work on. The prime examples of this include the Virtual Personal Assistants (VPAs) of Siri and Alexa (which belong to Apple and Amazon, respectively).
Introduction
Published in Saswat Sarangi, Pankaj Sharma, Artificial Intelligence, 2018
AGI stands for the intelligence of a machine, presumably developed in the future, that can perform multiple tasks as performed by humans. AGI is also referred to as “strong AI” or “full AI”. To put it simply, it is one single machine that can drive your car, compose music, strike conversation, react intelligently in emergency situations and can do everything that can be done by a human being. It is essentially the ability of a machine to perform “general intelligent tasks”. In a layperson’s language, there is a distinction between strong AI and “weak AI”, which simply is the ability to accomplish a specific problem-solving or reasoning task. Weak AI, in contrast to strong AI, does not attempt to perform the full range of human cognitive abilities.
Using E-commerce and Other Digital Technologies to Reach Global Markets
Published in Sarita D. Jackson, International Trade in Services, 2021
There are varying definitions as to exactly what is meant by Artificial Intelligence. AI is the “broader concept of machines being able to carry out tasks in a way that we could consider ‘smart’” (Marr 2016). Although a broad concept, this type of AI has narrow applied functions, also referred to as weak AI, in which it can carry out specific tasks such as driving a car, completing translation services, and filling out a form (Marr 2016; Jain 2018; Meltzer 2018). The general application, or strong AI, which is still being researched and developed, refers to “self-learning systems that can learn from experience with humanlike breadth and surpass human performance on all tasks” (Meltzer 2018).
Systematic analysis of artificial intelligence in the era of industry 4.0
Published in Journal of Management Analytics, 2023
Weiru Chen, Wu He, Jiayue Shen, Xin Tian, Xianping Wang
The beginning of AI can be regarded as the advent of the Turing Test in 1950 (Turing, 2009). The Turing test was designed to test if a computer could produce thinking. The phrase “Artificial Intelligence” was first used and adopted in 1956 at Dartmouth College (McCarthy et al., 2006). Based on Turing’s test, a large number of computer programs were developed, such as ELIZA, which was designed in 1965 (Weizenbaum, 1966). Two primary development methodology was developed for general AI: top-down and bottom-up. Top-down means developing high-level functions first and then implementing these functions; bottom-up means investigating neuron-level first and then developing high-level functions. Arthur Samuel speeded up the development of weak AI by developing machine learning (Bowling et al., 2006). Figure 4 illustrates the timeline of AI.
Effects of country and individual factors on public acceptance of artificial intelligence and robotics technologies: a multilevel SEM analysis of 28-country survey data
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2022
Advantages of AI are undoubtedly innumerable. Take, for example, the adoption of virtual assistants including Alexa, Siri, Google Assistant or Cortana and the use of recommendation systems in such websites as Amazon, Yelp, or TripAdvisor to see how much change these applications of AI influence our everyday activities (Ma and Siau 2018). Recent advances in the development of AI have enabled the popularization of robots in our daily life. In manufacturing, robotics and automation efforts, which aimed to mechanise intelligence, have utilised AI for years as automated machines and computers are relatively more productive and cost-efficient than humans (Autor 2015; Frey and Osborne 2017). These applications, however, have only been categorised as the Weak AI for their focus on narrow tasks and operations within a pre-defined range of functions fed into the computer system (Borana 2016). The Strong AI, according to Kurzweil (2010), has the intelligence that can surpass or replace humans. Although it may not (yet) be the answer to the philosophical question of whether or not a machine can think, Strong AI is expected to have the ability to simulate human thinking in a highly sophisticated way (Russell and Norvig 2010).