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A Brief History of Artificial Intelligence
Published in Ron Fulbright, Democratization of Expertise, 2020
In 2011, Apple released its Siri technology for the iPhone (Apple, 2015). Siri is a virtual assistant able to understand natural-language voice commands and reply in spoken natural language. While at one time, speech synthesis and speech recognition were sought-after targets of artificial intelligent research, today no one considers speech recognition an example of artificial intelligence. Since Siri’s release in 2011, most major handheld device manufacturers have released their own version of voice-activated digital assistants: Google’s Google Now (Google, 2015), Microsoft’s Cortana (Microsoft, 2015), Amazon’s Echo (Alexa) (Colon and Greenwald, 2015). To date, billions of people have experienced cognitive systems and artificially intelligent technology through text-based chatbots and voice-activated virtual assistants. This is likely to continue to be a major touch point for cognitive systems technology as it evolves higher-level cognitive abilities.
Popular Mobile Solutions in the Market (Anti Virus, ERP, SAP, SCM, etc.)
Published in Jithesh Sathyan, Anoop Narayanan, Navin Narayan, K V Shibu, A Comprehensive Guide to Enterprise Mobility, 2016
Jithesh Sathyan, Anoop Narayanan, Navin Narayan, K V Shibu
MyCityWay mobile application from BMW is an interactive tool for exploring a city or location in order to discover, connect, and share in real time. It provides a common interface for different applications providing location-based services. The tool provides detailed information about each nook and corner of a city, different shopping and dining options, and much more. Siri from Apple is an interactive voice response application that is intelligent enough to interpret voice commands and interact with the user verbally. The application makes mobility an integral part of life. It could act on voice inputs to send text messages and e-mails to people in address book, set reminders, play music, search for anything such as dining options, restaurants, and best options available in the locality.
AI Emerging Communication and Computing
Published in S. Kanimozhi Suguna, M. Dhivya, Sara Paiva, Artificial Intelligence (AI), 2021
Until the third stage, AI was still not considered equivalent to a human as human beings learn various emotional aspects and can recognize other people’s emotions. This feature in AI is called emotional intelligence (EI). Understanding the user’s emotions and respond accordingly is very much needed for virtual assistants. An example of an EI-based AI application is Siri. Siri is Apple’s voice-controlled personal assistant for Apple product users. Siri is a combination of AI and Natural Language Processing (NLP). The three critical tasks of Siri are service tasks, awareness of the situation, and communication interface.
Assessing smart light enabled cyber-physical attack paths on urban infrastructures and services
Published in Connection Science, 2022
Ioannis Stellios, Kostas Mokos, Panayiotis Kotzanikolaou
Smart lighting systems mainly consist of Light Emitting Diode (LED) or Organic LED (OLED) luminaires equipped with sensing capabilities (e.g. ambient light, acoustic, ultrasonic, infrared, location), wireless network interfaces, (e.g. Ethernet, WiFi, Z-Wave, ZigBee Light Link - ZLL) and mobile applications which communicate with cloud services via specific protocols (e.g. If-This-Then-That – IFTTT) to assure interoperability and autonomous operation (Mi et al., 2017). Due to their low production cost, smart lights are considered one of the most widespread IoT technologies. They can be remotely managed via smartphone applications that utilise local and/or remote connectivity through cloud services. Popular manufacturers such as Apple, Amazon and Google utilise control-over-voice command interface (Apple's HomeKit – Siri, Amazon's Echo – Alexa and Google Home) to remotely control IoT devices, smart lighting systems included, with near-future capabilities to incorporate real-time luminosity and spectrum self-adjustment functionality.
Anthropomorphizing artificial intelligence: towards a user-centered approach for addressing the challenges of over-automation and design understandability in smart homes
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2021
Socialization/social responses with these equipments/devices/objects in a smart home are easy to generate, commonplace, incurable and subconscious, as the object-centered history of smart homes indicates (Table 1), for example, the treatment of nonhuman companion robots by humans with the same feelings associated with friendship which should, according to sociologists, instead be reserved only for human friends. Reversely, consumer technologies are also proactively training themselves in order to be as friendly and humanistic as possible based on the user feedback. For example, with Apple's Siri Home app, just voice is enough to control air conditioners, air purifiers, bridges, cameras, doorbells, fans, faucets, garage doors, humidifiers, lights, locks, outlets, receivers, routers, security, sensors, speakers, sprinklers, switches, thermostats, TVs and windows, etc. in a smart home (Apple 2020). Similarly, Amazon's Alexa – a cloud-based voice service that allows users to interact with technologies present in their smart homes – acts whether automatically or can be controlled via voice (Amazon Alexa 2020). Microsoft's Cortana is also a personal productivity assistant that helps in coordination of multiple tasks simultaneously reducing the human effort to a minimum (Microsoft Cortana 2020).
Knowledge on-demand: a function of the future spatial knowledge infrastructure
Published in Journal of Spatial Science, 2021
Lesley M. Arnold, David A. McMeekin, Ivana Ivánová, Kylie Armstrong
The number of devices capable of delivering information (and not just data) proliferate markets (Cisco 2017), and personal assistants are available on most mobile devices (Eaton 2016). Siri (Apple), Google Assistant (Google), Cortana (Microsoft) and Alexa (Amazon), all use a form of artificial intelligence to answer natural language questions to provide directions and travel advice, perform tasks such as calendar appointments and send emails, and provide encyclopaedic answers to simple ‘what and where’ questions.