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Artificial Intelligence: A Sci-Fi Phrase That Changed the World
Published in Jędrzej Osiński, Cunning Machines, 2020
Weak artificial intelligence refers to computer systems that successfully emulate single human competencies. What does this really mean? Emulation is an ability to imitate some behaviour; a competency is a skill, sense, instinct or learnt expertise. So, as an example, we can look at an application designed to recognise letters visible in an image (so-called OCR – optical character recognition). This application emulates (or imitates) the sense of human sight and the ability to read. Clear? More examples? Voice recognition systems emulate human hearing. Chess computer games imitate professional players. In general, applications are designed and implemented to resolve a particular requirement or idea. In other words, each computer programme has a specific purpose which is the reason for it to exist. This is the common feature of all computer systems, ever since the first processors were built. The purpose has been the same since the first calculating machines were created – to replace ourselves in activities which are repetitive, time-consuming and that we are not interested in performing any more.
Advanced design of complex façades
Published in Intelligent Buildings International, 2018
Winfried Heusler, Ksenija Kadija
Artificial Intelligence (AI) tries to imitate human intelligence. ‘Strong Artificial Intelligence’ claims to reach or even surpass people in all of the above categories. It already succeeds in doing this today in logical thinking, e.g. in making decisions and in planning, learning and communicating in natural language. Emotional and social AI, on the other hand, are still fiction. ‘Weak Artificial Intelligence’ does not reach this high standard. It is designed to perform clearly defined tasks and is already used in everyday life, for example in expert and navigation systems. It is also behind speech recognition and intelligent search algorithms. There are two alternative approaches (Jeschke 2014): The symbolic AI relies on existing knowledge and logic.The neuronal AI acquires knowledge through experience and is able to learn independently.
Sliding window based deep ensemble system for breast cancer classification
Published in Journal of Medical Engineering & Technology, 2021
Amin Alqudah, Ali Mohammad Alqudah
Deep learning application to the histopathological slices images achieves distinguished results when validated against. Applying artificial intelligence (AI) in histopathological slices images faces many challenges [13,14] such as: (1) Lack of labelled data, (2) Pervasive variability, (3) Non‑Boolean nature of diagnostic tasks, (4) Dimensionality obstacle, (5) Turing test dilemma, and (6) Uni‑task orientation of weak artificial intelligence [15,16]. These challenges can decrease the efficiency and performance of deep learning tasks [17].