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FTA for Instrumental Landing System (ILS)
Published in Sasho Andonov, Bowtie Methodology, 2017
Instrumental Landing System (ILS) is a ground-based navigational aid used in aviation. It is an electronic equipment that sends navigational data to the aircraft through radio signals. So, ILS is a transmitting system on the ground and there an appropriate receiver in the aircraft is adjusted to the frequency of the ILS signal. The signal is received by the receiver in the aircraft, processed, and shown on the cockpit display, so the pilot can use it for navigation during the landing of the aircraft on the runway. In addition, this signal can be submitted to the Flight Management System (FMS, known as auto-pilot) and can be used for automatic landing purposes. Use of ILS is not very simple because there are three categories of operations and associated equipment (Facility Performants Categories CAT I, CAT II, and CAT III), and all of them have different specifications (CAT III is the strongest by requirements).
Aeronautical services at the airport
Published in Gert Meijer, Fundamentals of Aviation Operations, 2020
The ANSP is also responsible for providing navigational devices around the airport and for providing instrument devices enabling pilots to land at the airport. Commonly used at airports is ILS (Instrumental Landing System), a radio navigational system consisting of a localizer transmitter for lateral navigation to the runway, and a glideslope transmitter for vertical guidance to the runway touch-down point, that enables the pilot to approach the threshold of the runway. ILS comes in various categories depending on the visual limitations.
Comparison of NASA-TLX scale, modified Cooper–Harper scale and mean inter-beat interval as measures of pilot mental workload during simulated flight tasks
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Heikki Mansikka, Kai Virtanen, Don Harris
The flying task consisted of number of instrument landing system (ILS) approaches. All participants were highly familiar with the flying task as they had been routinely flying ILS approaches both with F/A-18 and with their earlier aircraft types. ILS is a precision approach procedure, which provides a pilot with both horizontal and vertical control cues throughout the approach profile. The participants’ task was to fly the approach profile with minimal horizontal and vertical errors while completing normal, self-paced approach and landing preparations, eg, using the radios, configuring the aircraft for landing and cross checking the flight instruments. In addition to the self-paced tasks, set of additional tasks were triggered in each trial at predefined, randomised ranges. These tasks included ten warnings or cautions requiring immediate pilot action, seven radio calls requiring pilot acknowledgement and three requests to change frequencies or altimeter settings. Figure 1 summarises the triggering ranges of the additional tasks.