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Human Interaction with Space-Based Systems
Published in Lauren Blackwell Landon, Kelley J. Slack, Eduardo Salas, Psychology and Human Performance in Space Programs, 2020
Kritina Holden, Jessica J. Marquez, Gordon Vos, E. Vincent Cross II
The future of human spaceflight is one in which new, highly advanced spacecraft will take men and women beyond low Earth orbit, and eventually to Mars. The level of automation will be greater, and astronauts will be increasingly autonomous from Mission Control. While some research into information presentation, automation, and the effects of long-duration microgravity have been completed, there is much more to learn. The majority of studies on ISS have been completed with crew who stay onboard only six months. Thus, crew performance data for missions beyond six months are extremely limited. We do not really know how long-term exposure to stressors such as isolation, microgravity, radiation, or distance from Earth will impact crew performance on a deep space mission, or their ability to be successful once they land on a planetary surface. After the long space journey, will the physical or cognitive abilities required to safe a vehicle, operate a rover, or power up a habitat be impaired, and for how long? Will crew trust the intelligent systems and automation that they will depend on? These are important questions that must be addressed with additional human factors research.
Space Medicine: The Bioethical and Legal Implications for Commercial Human Spaceflight
Published in Jai Galliott, Commercial Space Exploration, 2016
The question of scientific and medical preflight and post-flight screenings with adult participants for the purpose of data collection may be satisfied by applying ethically established protocols, procedures and obtaining informed consent. When it comes to studies utilising child participants, these ethical concerns are heightened. Human spaceflight screenings and evaluations are no exception. A lack of scientific and medical information on spaceflight implies that at some point healthy children will become space pioneers if we are to obtain any significant medical data on the physiological effects of spaceflight for this demographic. The quandary rests with whether this is morally permissible based on ethical principles.
Sustainability in the Space Industry
Published in Mark W. McElroy, The Space Industry of the Future, 2023
Following the signing of the Outer Space Treaty, space has continued ever since to motivate and unify interest among people across political borders, across cultures, across genders, and across generations. For example, consider the seemingly unlikely but highly productive and long-term collaboration between Russia and the United States on the ISS. Or consider NASA’s next generation human spaceflight programs. In the Gateway lunar space station and the Orion crew exploration vehicle programs, the group of international partners providing major hardware components includes the United States, the EU, Canada, and Japan.
Subjective discomfort analysis of human body in semi-supine posture caused by vertical sinusoidal vibration
Published in Ergonomics, 2021
Rajesh Govindan, V. H. Saran, S. P. Harsha
In the last few decades, many private enterprises such as SpaceX, Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic have entered into space exploration with the motivation to make space accessible to people who are not astronauts, that is, human spaceflight. During the dynamic phases of spaceflight, humans in semi-supine posture would be exposed to elevated vibration levels. The elevated vibration level, together with higher G-load, would cause discomfort, interference in human activity, affect health and ultimately deteriorate physical and psychological performance (Adelstein et al. 2009). In order to protect and reduce human exposure to the detrimental effect of vibration, it is necessary to understand the sensitivity of the humans in semi-supine posture in such an environment.