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Operational Details of the Air Transportation System
Published in Steven J. Landry, Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems, 2017
Using such guidance, aircraft can position themselves to land, obtaining permission to do so from the tower, if the airport is controlled. However, if the aircraft for some reason cannot land safely, such as not having sufficient visual references to identify the runway environment, they must execute a go-around in which the aircraft climbs away from the runway and back into the approach environment. Other reasons for go-arounds include vehicles/aircraft on the runway and aircraft malfunctions. There is commonly a designated procedure for go-arounds that aircraft are expected to follow, not only to ensure predictability but also to ensure safe separation from ground obstructions.
Understanding pilot response to flight safety events using categorisation theory
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2019
Systems do not always fail close to cognitive reference points. Pilots are not always able to use clear concepts to interpret and respond to flight safety events. A mismanaged go-around in a Boeing 757-200 (AAIB 2014a) demonstrates the alarm case in Table 2. A go-around is a manoeuvre flown to discontinue an approach to land, and involves applying high power whilst changing the flight path to an upward trajectory. The crew were conducting an instrument approach, with landing gear and flaps extended, approximately 1250 feet above the ground, when they were instructed to go-around. The Captain disengaged the automatic thrust control, applied maximum power, but left the autopilot engaged in the programmed landing trajectory. Shortly after, with the speed increasing rapidly, the Captain disconnected the autopilot and manually flew the aircraft into a climb. The aircraft subsequently deviated from its cleared altitude and experienced two flap speed exceedances, which could cause structural damage to the aircraft. The crew mismanaged the flap malfunction and its response protocol, but later landed safely.