Habitual Abortion
E. Nigel Harris, Thomas Exner, Graham R. V. Hughes, Ronald A. Asherson in Phospholipid-Binding Antibodies, 2020
Intrauterine adhesions usually are resected with the hysteroscope, although occasionally an abdominal approach with bivalving of the uterus must be used for severe disease. Either operative procedure is followed by two months of high dose premarin (1.25 mg BID). Some authors have recommended that a uterine splint (IUD or Foley catheter) be left in place for one to two weeks.17 Shaffer has reported a summary of five studies showing 302 losses in 453 pregnancies (67% loss rate) before adhesiolysis compared to 26 losses in 156 pregnancies (26% loss) after surgical correction.20 Most studies do not include a control group of untreated patients, thus, as is the case for uterine septa, the finding of uterine synechiae does not obviate the need to complete an evaluation for HAB. However, hysteroscopic surgical correction has a low complication rate and should be performed whenever synechiae are discovered, in addition to treating other identifiable causes of HAB.
Electrocoagulation Of Vascular Abnormalities Of The Large Bowel
John P. Papp in Endoscopie Control of Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, 2019
Richardson et al.,29 in 1978, reported 39 patients who were treated surgically. One patient died in the postoperative period. Three other patients died from other causes leaving 35 patients for follow-up. Four of their patients have developed recurrent bleeding. The bleeding developed after 9 months in one patient, but it was at least 18 months after resection before it occurred in the other three. All recurrences developed in elderly patients. Repeat angiography was performed in all cases and showed small bowel lesions in three patients. Two of the patients were considered inoperable and were treated with Premarin® in low doses. In one patient, relatively good control was achieved with only one subsequent episode of melena. The other patient has had intermittent attacks of bleeding requiring transfusions. Two of the patients had repeat operations because of persistent bleeding. The recurrence rate for this group of patients was 4 of 35 (11.4%).
Contraception
Elaine Cooper, John Guillebaud, Morgan Williams in Sexuality and Disability, 2017
Some centres measure the oestradiol level and, if this is less than 100 pg/mol/litre, advise either a change of method or addition of oestrogen. If this is given as Premarin, it will have the least possible effect on thrombotic risk. As with all other hormonal methods, there is at least a theoretical risk of reduction of efficacy if an enzyme-inducer is also being taken (e.g. some anticonvulsants). The time interval of the injection should be reduced to 10 weeks. Although no one likes injections, most people can tolerate them but some are ‘terrified’ of needles. An advantage for some women with spina bifida or spinal injury is that they cannot feel the needle.
A multicenter, randomized, open, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of Honglilai Vaginal Cream and Premarin Vaginal Cream for Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause in different subgroups of Chinese postmenopausal women
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2022
Mukun Yang, Shouqing Lin, Shurong Zheng, Aijun Sun, Meilu Bian, Shilan Li, Jianli Liu, Lina Hu, Ning Hui, Jing Zhong, Hongchun Hou, Tianfu Yue, Xiaoli Gao, Wenpei Bai
The general health of postmenopausal women is a public issue of worldwide concern [1,2]. Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause (GSM) is a common affliction involving changes in not only the genital area but also the urinary tract that affects up to 50% of postmenopausal women [3–5]. Its symptoms include vaginal itching, burning, dryness, irritation, and dyspareunia, which affect interpersonal relationships, even urinary and sexual function [5–7]. Studies have shown that GSM is associated with reduced vaginal secretions, vulvovaginal atrophy, and decreased glycogen production by vaginal epithelial cells after menopause, which possibly renders the vagina more susceptible to infections [8]. So far, the first-line treatment of GSM is low-dose, minimally absorbed local estrogen therapy [9–11], which was recommended by the North American Menopause Society (NAMS) and the International Menopause Society (IMS) [12–14]. Premarin vaginal cream is a commonly used estrogenic cream for the treatment of GSM. Honglilai Vaginal Cream is a type of Conjugated estrogens vaginal cream, which has been extracted from pregnant mares’ urine. Honglilai Vaginal Cream has been widely used in China as a local product and its effect has been conformed in several domestic studies. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Honglilai Vaginal Cream on GSM and screen the targeting patients in different age and menopausal year subgroups in comparison to Premarin vaginal cream.
Effect of parathyroidectomy on osteopontin and undercarboxylated osteocalcin in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism
Published in Endocrine Research, 2018
Raelene E. Maser, M. James Lenhard, Ryan T. Pohlig, P. Babu Balagopal, Raafat Abdel-Misih
Table 1 provides participants’ physical characteristics and metabolic parameters before and 1 month following parathyroidectomy. As expected PTH and calcium levels were significantly lower following surgery. In addition OPN, ucOC, and the ucOC/OC ratio, were also significantly reduced postsurgery. OC, β-CTX, and OPG levels, however, did not change significantly, whereas lipocalin-2 concentrations were higher. Of note, two participants had a previous history of resolved malignant disease that did not require current treatment. Three of the females in this study were premenopausal. With the exception of one female that used Premarin vaginally twice per week, none of the participants indicated that they were currently taking bisphosphonates, estrogen, or raloxifene. Four participants had a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that was treated with metformin (n = 4) and a sulfonylurea (n = 2) but none were using a thiazolidinedione. One participant had a previous history of gastric bypass surgery. Because of the characteristics of the study cohort, data analysis was repeated excluding (a) premenopausal women (n = 3), (b) individuals with T2DM (n = 4), and (c) the individual with bariatric surgery. The univariate statistically significant results for OPN, ucOC, and lipocalin-2 pre- versus post-surgery remained after reanalyses, despite the exclusion of these individuals (data not shown).
Prior endogenous and exogenous estrogen and incident dementia in the 10th decade of life: The 90+ Study
Published in Climacteric, 2020
A. Paganini-Hill, M. M. Corrada, C. H. Kawas
In the early 1980s, a health survey was mailed to residents of Leisure World. This survey asked of the women: age at first menstrual period, ever pregnant, age at first child, number of children, age at last menstrual period, hysterectomy, age at hysterectomy, number of ovaries removed, age at first ovary removal, and age at second ovary removal. Questions about estrogen replacement therapy (age started, current use, age stopped) were asked separately for oral, injectable, and cream or suppository estrogens. For Premarin® (the most commonly used oral estrogen), questions asked for all doses taken and that taken for longest amount of time. Total number of years taken were asked for separately for Premarin®, other oral estrogens, injectable estrogens, and cream or suppository estrogens.
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