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Drug Overdoses during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A large series of 367 women who attempted suicide during pregnancy was evaluated (Timmerman et al., 2008). The course of pregnancy following barbituric-acid-derivative overdoses during gestation was complicated by use of other substances (diazepam, aminophenazone, ethanol abuse). Among 10 infants born to mothers who attempted suicide during pregnancy (6 during organogenesis), there were features of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Barbituric acid derivatives have no specific antidote, and nonspecific and supportive antidote therapy were indicated (see Table 14.8). Barbituric acids cross the placenta and these drugs may induce fetal hepatic enzymes. No congenital anomalies have been observed in several studies of children born to women treated with phenobarbital at usual therapeutic doses during pregnancy (Bertollini et al., 1987; Heinonen et al., 1977). Five clinical stages of intoxication have been described in adults with acutely toxic levels of phenobarbital (i.e., in nontolerant individuals) (Sunshine, 1957), as shown in Box 14.2.
The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide derivatives is due to an immunomodulatory effect on cytokines environment
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Eduarda Fratoni, Lais Cristina Theindl, Julia Salvan da Rosa, Marcus Vinicius Pereira dos Santos Nascimento, Tatiana da Rosa Guimarães Maciel, Fátima de Campos-Buzzi, Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
The study of cyclic imides and their analogues has grown, due to the vast potential applications of these compounds in the field of pharmacology. The compounds belonging to the class of cyclic imides can be divided into subclasses such as maleimides, succinimides, glutarimides, phthalimides, naphthalimides, and their derivatives [18]. The compound N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide is a synthetic product of the maleimide class, obtained directly by the reaction of 3,4-dichloromaleic anhydride and aminophenazone with acetic acid under reflux [19]. Several molecules based on cyclic imides such as N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide have shown promising results, particularly in relation to analgesic activity, including the reduction of pain caused by the inflammatory context [20]. However, there are some gaps in the knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds, for example, their effect on cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory profiles, as well as the action of the compounds on the principal known inflammation signaling pathway (NF-kB).
Association of lipid profile with decompensation, liver dysfunction, and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis
Published in Postgraduate Medicine, 2021
Ruirui Feng, Xiaozhong Guo, Yun Kou, Xiangbo Xu, Cen Hong, Wenwen Zhang, Yang An, Cyriac Abby Philips, Andrea Mancuso, Xingshun Qi
At our hospital, the Beckman Coulter AU5800 instrument (Beckman Coulter Inc., Brea CA, USA) is used for measuring lipid profile [14]. TC level is determined by the cholesterol oxidase-peroxidase aminophenazone (CHOD-PAP) method, and influenced in the case of bilirubin > 855 µmol/L; HDL-c and LDL-c levels are determined by the catalase scavenging method, and influenced in the case of bilirubin > 700 µmol/L; TG level is determined by the lipase glycerol kinase (GPO-PAP) enzymatic method, and significantly influenced in the case of bilirubin > 885 µmol/L; and lipoprotein(a) level is determined by the latex immunoturbidimetric method, and significantly influenced in the case of bilirubin > 1030 µmol/L. Generally, none of our patients had such a high bilirubin level. The reference ranges of TC, HDL-c, LDL-c, TG, and lipoprotein(a) are 2.85–5.70 mmol/L, 0.93–1.81 mmol/L, 2.07–3.63 mmol/L, 0.45–1.70 mmol/L, and 0–300 mg/L, respectively. Accordingly, hypocholesterolemia is defined as TC < 2.85 mmol/L (110 mg/dl), HDL-c < 0.93 mmol/L (36 mg/dl), and/or LDL-c < 2.07 mmol/L (80 mg/dl); hypotriglyceridemia is defined as TG < 0.45 mmol/L (39 mg/dl); hypercholesterolemia is defined as TC > 5.70 mmol/L (220 mg/dl) and/or LDL-c > 3.63 mmol/L (140 mg/dl); and hypertriglyceridemia is defined as TG > 1.70 mmol/L (148 mg/dl).
Plasma glycerol levels in men with hypertriglyceridemia
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Plasma triglyceride levels were determined by absorbance spectrophotometry using Cobas 6000 according to the manufacturer’s protocol. After hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase to glycerol and free fatty acids glycerol is oxidation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide produced then reacts with 4-aminophenazone and 4-chlorophenol under the catalytic action of peroxidase to form a red dye. The color intensity of the red dye formed is directly proportional to the triglyceride concentration and can be measured photometrically. To calculate the corrected plasma triglyceride (corrected p-TG) level, the measured plasma free glycerol (p-glycerol) was subtracted from the plasma triglyceride (p-TG) value obtained using Cobas 6000: pTG – p-glycerol = corrected p-TG (all values in mmol/l).