Drug Overdoses during Pregnancy
“Bert” Bertis Britt Little in Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
A large series of 367 women who attempted suicide during pregnancy was evaluated (Timmerman et al., 2008). The course of pregnancy following barbituric-acid-derivative overdoses during gestation was complicated by use of other substances (diazepam, aminophenazone, ethanol abuse). Among 10 infants born to mothers who attempted suicide during pregnancy (6 during organogenesis), there were features of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS). Barbituric acid derivatives have no specific antidote, and nonspecific and supportive antidote therapy were indicated (see Table 14.8). Barbituric acids cross the placenta and these drugs may induce fetal hepatic enzymes. No congenital anomalies have been observed in several studies of children born to women treated with phenobarbital at usual therapeutic doses during pregnancy (Bertollini et al., 1987; Heinonen et al., 1977). Five clinical stages of intoxication have been described in adults with acutely toxic levels of phenobarbital (i.e., in nontolerant individuals) (Sunshine, 1957), as shown in Box 14.2.
The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide derivatives is due to an immunomodulatory effect on cytokines environment
Published in Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, 2023
Eduarda Fratoni, Lais Cristina Theindl, Julia Salvan da Rosa, Marcus Vinicius Pereira dos Santos Nascimento, Tatiana da Rosa Guimarães Maciel, Fátima de Campos-Buzzi, Eduardo Monguilhott Dalmarco
The study of cyclic imides and their analogues has grown, due to the vast potential applications of these compounds in the field of pharmacology. The compounds belonging to the class of cyclic imides can be divided into subclasses such as maleimides, succinimides, glutarimides, phthalimides, naphthalimides, and their derivatives [18]. The compound N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide is a synthetic product of the maleimide class, obtained directly by the reaction of 3,4-dichloromaleic anhydride and aminophenazone with acetic acid under reflux [19]. Several molecules based on cyclic imides such as N-antipyrine-3,4-dichloromaleimide have shown promising results, particularly in relation to analgesic activity, including the reduction of pain caused by the inflammatory context [20]. However, there are some gaps in the knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of these compounds, for example, their effect on cytokines with pro- and anti-inflammatory profiles, as well as the action of the compounds on the principal known inflammation signaling pathway (NF-kB).
Plasma glycerol levels in men with hypertriglyceridemia
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 2021
Janne Lebeck, Birgitte Brock
Plasma triglyceride levels were determined by absorbance spectrophotometry using Cobas 6000 according to the manufacturer’s protocol. After hydrolysis of plasma triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase to glycerol and free fatty acids glycerol is oxidation to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide produced then reacts with 4-aminophenazone and 4-chlorophenol under the catalytic action of peroxidase to form a red dye. The color intensity of the red dye formed is directly proportional to the triglyceride concentration and can be measured photometrically. To calculate the corrected plasma triglyceride (corrected p-TG) level, the measured plasma free glycerol (p-glycerol) was subtracted from the plasma triglyceride (p-TG) value obtained using Cobas 6000: pTG – p-glycerol = corrected p-TG (all values in mmol/l).
Effect of high-dose intravenous vitamin C on point-of-care blood glucose level in septic patients: a retrospective, single-center, observational case series
Published in Current Medical Research and Opinion, 2021
Juan He, Guanhao Zheng, Xian Qian, Huiqiu Sheng, Bing Chen, Bing Zhao, Erzhen Chen, Enqiang Mao, Xiaolan Bian
The GOD-POD colorimetric method is convenient for determining glucose concentrations in various types of samples. GOD catalyzes the oxidation of glucose to gluconate, liberating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which reacts with phenol and 4-aminophenazone (4-AP) in the presence of POD to form red quinonimine dye. The color intensity is measured colorimetrically at 530 nm. This intensity is directly proportional to the concentration of glucose in the plasma45,46. VC is a strong reducing agent and may set off a redox reaction with H2O2. This side reaction depletes H2O2 and lowers the reading intensity, resulting in artificially lower POCG testing results. This is consistent with the results observed in our study (Figure 3(b))47.
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