Involvement of Dopamine with Various Cancers
Nira Ben-Jonathan in Dopamine, 2020
A neurological tumor occurs when abnormal cells form a mass within the brain or in association with the peripheral nervous system. There are two main types of tumors: cancerous and benign. Cancerous brain tumors can be divided into primary tumors, which start inside the brain, and secondary tumors, known as brain metastases, which have spread from tumors localized elsewhere. The category of primary brain cancers is second only to leukemia in people in the United States under 20 years of age. Brain tumors may produce symptoms that vary depending on the part of the brain involved. These include headaches, seizures, problems with vision, vomiting and mental changes. Of more than 120 types of brain and peripheral nervous system tumors, DA is involved in the following: glioblastomas, neuroblastomas, meningiomas, and neuroendocrine tumors.
Cerebrovascular accidents, intracranial tumors, and urologic consequences
Jacques Corcos, David Ginsberg, Gilles Karsenty in Textbook of the Neurogenic Bladder, 2015
Unlike a CVA, the early symptoms of a brain tumor are nonspecific and urinary complaints are not generally thought of as part of the initial presentation.34 Raised intracranial pressure is the cause of the majority of early symptoms and, although not often thought of in the neurology and neurosurgery community, raised intracranial pressure does lead to urinary complaints. Headache and seizure are the most common presenting symptoms of a brain tumor.35 However, 3.4% of patients may have urinary retention in the acute phase.11 Patients with pontine lesions are more likely to present with urinary retention.11,36 This urinary retention is most likely the result of inflammation and edema in the pons and may resolve after treatment with corticosteroids.37
Cancer Rehabilitation
K. Rao Poduri in Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
The incidence of all primary CNS tumors is 20.6 cases per 100,000 individuals, with the greatest incidence among patients aged 75–84 years increased significantly to 63.75 per 100,000 individuals.50 Older patients make up half of the patients with high-grade gliomas, and advanced age and poor functional status at diagnosis are consistently associated with a poorer prognosis.51 The most common diagnosis of brain cancer is metastatic; this is related to the increase in overall primary cancer survival, enhanced imaging techniques, and early detection.52 The most common primary malignancies to metastasize to the brain are breast, lung, and melanoma.45 Signs and symptoms of brain tumors depend on the location of the tumor, with the majority of tumors in the elderly developing in the cerebral hemispheres. Clinical presentation includes cognitive decline, gait and balance abnormalities, and has to be differentiated from normal effects of aging and other cerebrovascular disease. Half of patients with malignant gliomas have a poor performance status at the time of diagnosis, as measured by the Karnofsky performance score.53
Advance computer analysis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for early brain tumor detection
Published in International Journal of Neuroscience, 2021
Neetu Mittal, Satyam Tayal
Brain Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and division of the brain cells. The cells multiply and grow uncontrollably in unusual mass of tissue is called brain tumor. This is one of the most lethal groups of cancers [1]. Based on their source, the tumors may be classified as either primary or metastatic tumors. At present radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery in combination are the standard treatment regimens used to treat brain tumors. The early detection of such tumors has a vital role in successful treatment. The imaging techniques such as MRI, CT, Positron Emission Tomography (PET), Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) [2] are usually used to fetch the information about brain tumors thereby assisting in diagnosis and further treatment. The combinations of various imaging techniques are used to make available the minute information in detail.
Spatial profiling technologies and applications for brain cancers
Published in Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 2021
Priyakshi Kalita-de Croft, Habib Sadeghi Rad, Harry Gasper, Ken O’Byrne, Sunil R Lakhani, Arutha Kulasinghe
Patients with brain tumors may be asymptomatic or present with a wide variety of symptoms, which include, physical or behavioral signs, such as headache, seizures, altered mental status, nausea/dizziness, and focal deficits pertaining to the spatial location of the tumor. Magnetic Resonance imaging (MRI) remains the gold standard of brain tumor imaging, owing to its higher sensitivity compared to all other diagnostic methods. Current treatment options for these tumors include surgery, radiotherapy (whole-brain radiotherapy, prophylactic cranial irradiation, stereotactic radiosurgery), systemic chemotherapy, targeted agents, and immunotherapy (IMT). Novel anti-cancer agents have shown improvements in the response rate and survival of patients with the brain metastatic disease [19–22]. Despite recent improvements in outcomes with novel treatment modalities, both primary and metastatic brain cancers remain a major clinical challenge with a short life-expectancy post-diagnosis.
The social trajectory of brain tumor: a qualitative metasynthesis
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2018
Lee Cubis, Tamara Ownsworth, Mark B. Pinkham, Suzanne Chambers
Symptoms of brain tumor were typically experienced as sudden, unexpected and uncontrollable [29,30]. Treatment usually commenced rapidly; hence peoples’ lives were substantially disrupted with little time to prepare for the changes brought about by their diagnosis [31]. This theme depicted common experiences of the acute phase following diagnosis and initiation of treatment, where the majority of time was focused on inpatient care, treatment and recovery. People were often experiencing strong emotional reactions to their diagnosis, managing heavy symptom burden and coming to terms with a poor or uncertain prognosis [32,33]. This theme also depicted people’s experiences beyond the initial diagnosis when they faced other stressors such as receiving the news that the tumor had recurred or progressed to a higher grade [32,34–36], which meant that their lives were in turmoil once again “I think, probably, that it’s just normal and I am fine. But at the back of my mind, always the thought, now is this the cycle starting again” [34, p. 378].
Related Knowledge Centers
- Benign Tumor
- Brain Metastasis
- Metastasis
- Visual Perception
- Vomiting
- Neoplasm
- Headache
- Brain
- Primary Tumor
- Seizure