Community care
Ben Y.F. Fong, Martin C.S. Wong in The Routledge Handbook of Public Health and the Community, 2021
‘Today is already tomorrow’ (London, 1994, p. 153). In addition to health care financing reforms (World Health Organisation [WHO], 2005b), a forward-looking mindset together with imagination and innovation is important to help advance planning in health care to manage international health care concerns, such as ageing populations (United Nations [UN], 2019), low fertility rates (UN, 2015), prevalence of chronic diseases (WHO, 2005a), shortage of health care workers (WHO, 2014), the growth of health care expenditure having outpaced that of gross domestic product (Xu et al., 2018, p. 1) and inequitable access to health care services (WHO, 2019). Community care and telehealth are universally recognised brotherly strategies, among others, to help maintain the sustainability of health care systems.
Health care and cost containment in Spain
Elias Mossialos, Julian Le Grand in Health Care and Cost Containment in the European Union, 2019
Health care financing in Spain is a mixture of public (approximately 80 per cent of total health care spending) and private (20 per cent) financing. These figures remained fairly stable between 1980 and 1995 (Table 8.1). In 1995 total health expenditure amounted to PTE 5 billion, around 7.6 per cent of Spanish Gross Domestic Product (GDP). In per capita terms, the figure was close to one thousand dollars in Purchasing Power Parities (PPPs) which is 10 per cent below the corresponding UK figure and 40 per cent below the average of western European OECD countries. However, when adjusted for income, the Spanish figure fits almost perfectly the standard OECD pattern.
The US Health Care System
John Fry, Donald Light, Jonathan Rodnick, Peter Orton in Reviving Primary Care, 2018
The US health care financing system is now like a giant shell game, every payer trying to shift costs to other payers, especially back to the patient or to the doctor in the form of unpaid or partially paid bills. In addition, patients pay 30% of all medical costs out of their own pockets. When insurance companies or patients do not pay part or all of a claim, the providers often come after patients through collection agencies, which have the power of ruining their credit for all other financing in their lives.
Expanding innovation from undergraduate to graduate medical education: A path of continuous professional development
Published in Medical Teacher, 2021
John S. Andrews, Kimberly D. Lomis, Judee A. Richardson, Maya M. Hammoud, Susan E. Skochelak
Revisiting the Flexner report at its centennial stimulated efforts to improve medical education for the next 100 years, including collaborations across institutions and organizations. The American Medical Association (AMA) Accelerating Change in Medical Education Consortium is one such collaboration. In 2013, the AMA created the Accelerating Change in Medical Education initiative to address four specific aims:Create competency-based assessment and flexible individualized learning plans.Develop exemplary methods to achieve patient safety, performance improvement, and patient centered team care.Understand the health care system and health care financing.Optimize the learning environment, including pedagogy, tools, and technology.
Identifying costs: The case of refractive error, strabismus, and ptosis amongst children in Vietnam
Published in International Journal of Healthcare Management, 2021
Tran Tuan Anh, Dang Tran Dat, Hoang Van Minh
Furthermore, international studies showed that the interventions against refractive error, as well as strabismus, ptosis are cost-effectiveness. Annual screening of school children is an economically attractive intervention to reduce this disease burden. All screening strategies can be labeled as very cost-effective according to the WHO Commission on Macroeconomics and Health classification [34]. Additionally, the abovementioned studies reveal that those costs of providing related services are higher than those in Vietnam. Thus, it can be said that these interventions for Vietnamese eye paediatric patient are also cost-effectiveness. To tackle the problems associated with refractive error, strabismus, and ptosis, the interventions against these eye problems should be prioritized. According to the World Health Report 2000, health care financing is the most important element in the achievement of health improvement [35]. It is feasible for health insurance in Vietnam to cover the costs associated with diagnosis, treatment/correction and follow-up service for refractive error, strabismus, and ptosis.
Factors affecting hospital services overutilization and reductive strategies in Iran: a qualitative study to explore experts’ views
Published in Hospital Practice, 2022
Leila Doshmangir, Hossein Jabbari, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Mohammad Naghavi-Behzad, Zeinab Abedi, Hakimeh Mostafavi
The Iranian healthcare system is a public cooperative system with a hybrid model structure. In this system, health services are delivered in three levels including national, provincial, and district [13,14]. Health-care financing in Iran is a combination of government, private, and charity approaches. Also, the main sources of funding are public budget, social health insurance, and Out-Of-Pocket (OOP) [13]. The budget of the health system of Iran is about 7% of the total budget of the country which about 40% of it iscontributed by public resources. About 91% of the population are insured by three main types of insurance including the Iran Health Insurance Organization, the Social Security Insurance Organization, and the Armed Forces Medical Services Insurance Organization [15]. Informal payment and OOP payment are high, and the mean OOP is between 40% and 50% based on different evidence [16]. Physicians enter the system through official recruitment and are paid by annual salary and Fee-for-Service [17].
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