Oncogenic Women in a Cancer Culturescape
Miriam O’Kane Mara in Globalism and Gendering Cancer, 2019
The culturescape of cancer in the US and beyond reflects gendering of cancer that has been identified in early cancer research as well as cancer programs in the US and England. Understanding the culturescape of cancer thus requires attention to medical, fictional, and popular artifacts that constitute information and attitudes about cancer. The reflection of oncogenic bodies coupled with a cultural imperative toward women’s duty toward public health complicate women’s ability to choose or refuse procedures in clinical settings. Like the breast cancer reporting, marketing, narratives, and screening recommendations, other conversations in public health, which involve multiple actors and narratives, focus action toward female bodies. When cancer enters the discourse, the attention to women intensifies reflecting integrated ideology about women’s oncogenic nature.
Mechanisms of Different Anticancer Drugs
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava in Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Chemotherapy embodies a valuable additive to current cancer therapy methods including surgery and radiation treatment. The existing anticancer drugs possess different action mechanisms, which can vary in their effects on different normal and cancerous cells at different concentrations of the drug. In some instances, these drugs cause more damage and death to neoplastic cells than to normal ones despite being selectively lethal to tumorous cells by altering the metabolic progressions in the cancer cell. Synthesis and application of anticancer drug classification are rationally based on detailed studies of chemical structures and mechanisms of action. In this chapter, the classifications and pathways that include nucleic acids, cell membranes, and proteins by anticancer drugs have been discussed.
Investigation of IoMT-Based Cancer Detection and Prediction
Rachna Jain, Arun Solanki, Fadi Al-Turjman in Cancer Prediction for Industrial IoT 4.0: A Machine Learning Perspective, 2021
Cancer is a genetic disease caused by the unregulated growth of normal cells into tumor cells that happens in a multistage process. According to the World Health Organization, the top two causes of cancer death in 2020 were lung cancer and colon and rectum cancer. The rise in various forms of cancers and other illnesses has made pathologists key supporters in the medical industry, and doctors rely on them for accurate and efficient diagnosis. In the last decade, the Internet of Things (IoT) has seen great applications in healthcare and has come to be known as the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT). In cancer detection and prediction, ML/DL techniques are widely used on medical imaging data obtained from CT scans, MRI, PET, mammography, etc. This chapter describes the experimental analysis performed to achieve defined objectives. It proposes an IoMT architecture for lung cancer and colon cancer sub-type classification.
Preclinical development of cancer stem cell drugs
Published in Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2009
Background: Despite recent progress in cancer treatment, the current cancer chemotherapy can mainly produce remission but often fails to cure cancer due to the existence of cancer stem cells. The emerging cancer stem cell hypothesis offers new insight into the failure of current cancer drugs and suggests new approaches for improved understanding of cancer biology and cancer drug development. Objective: In this review, we discuss the concept of cancer stem cells, origin of cancer stem cells and different approaches for isolating or enriching cancer stem cells. We also review the resistance of cancer stem cells to standard chemotherapy and radiation therapy and potential mechanisms for the resistance. Finally, based on the current knowledge on cancer stem cells, we discuss potential approaches for developing new drugs that target cancer stem cells and propose new methods for evaluation of cancer stem cell drugs. Conclusion: Improved cancer treatment is likely to be achieved by a combination of drugs that kill both replicating cancer cells and more quiescent cancer stem cells.
A Three-Factor Cancer-Related Mental Condition Model and Its Relationship With Cancer Information Use, Cancer Information Avoidance, and Screening Intention
Published in Journal of Health Communication, 2015
Cancer-related affect and cognition, such as cancer fear, cancer worry, and cancer risk perception, are important predictors of cancer prevention and communication behaviors. However, they have not been clearly conceptualized in cancer communication literature, and in particular, the role of affect (i.e., cancer fear) in cancer prevention and communication has not been fully investigated. The present study developed a 3-factor cancer-related mental condition model encompassing affective (cancer fear), cognitive (cancer risk perception), and affective-cognitive (cancer worry) conditions. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 developed the model with Sample 1 (U.S. undergraduates, N = 309), and subsequently validated the model with Sample 2 (Korean general population, ages 40 years or older, N = 1,130). Study 2, using Sample 2, tested the model's relationship with cancer information use, cancer information avoidance, and screening intention. While Sample 1 participants were asked about cancer in general, Sample 2 participants were asked specifically about stomach cancer. Thus, the model derived from the specific sample in a general context was confirmed via the general sample in a specific context. The results showed that both cancer worry and cancer risk perception are positively associated with cancer information use and screening intention, but they are negatively associated with cancer information avoidance. Cancer fear was positively associated with cancer information use, but it was also positively related to cancer information avoidance. Moreover, cancer fear was negatively associated with screening intention. Although the three components of the model are positively related to one another, they function differently in the cancer context.
Adjustment and discussion of cancer: A comparison of breast and prostate cancer survivors
Published in Psychology & Health, 2008
Philip M. Ullrich, Nan E. Rothrock, Susan K. Lutgendorf, Peter R. Jochimsen, Richard D. Williams
Supportive conversations may facilitate adjustment among cancer patients early in treatment. However, little is known about how cancer discussion is related to adjustment among long-term survivors of cancer or how gender differences may influence associations between cancer discussion and adjustment. The purpose of this study was to examine possible moderator effects of gender on associations between cancer discussions and adjustment among survivors of breast or prostate cancer. Eighty-eight breast and 88 prostate cancer patients were matched by years post-surgery and stage of cancer and completed measures of cancer discussion frequency, quality of life, and depression. Breast and prostate cancer patients differed on what cancer-related threats were discussed most frequently. In addition, among breast, but not prostate cancer patients, frequent cancer discussion was associated with higher depression and lower quality of life. Frequent discussion of cancer may be an indication of poorer adjustment among breast cancer patients at nearly four years post-surgery. The nature and context of cancer discussions may be important determinants of whether cancer discussions relate to adaptive versus maladaptive outcomes.
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