Neck and shoulder pain
Gill Wakley, Ruth Chambers, Paul Dieppe in Musculoskeletal Matters in Primary Care, 2018
Neck symptoms are often diffused and can spread into the trapezii and scapula regions. Neck pain can be divided into uncomplicated pain, whiplash, and pain with radiculopathy. Most uncomplicated pain is caused by poor posture, anxiety and depression, neck strain or sport- or work-related injuries. Whiplash is a specific mechanism of injury caused by hyperextension-hyperflexion of the neck. This type of injury frequently occurs in rear-end collision and results in over-stretching and tearing of the tissues that support the head or spine. Whiplash is treated in the same way as other neck problems in order to help to reduce prolonged suffering. Disorders of the rotator cuff account for most shoulder pain. In patients under 40 years of age, it usually follows over-use or injury and is due to tendinitis or rotator cuff impingement. Physiotherapy is useful for minimising the loss of range of shoulder movement.
Cervical Whiplash Injuries
Alexander R. Vaccaro in Fractures of the Cervical, Thoracic, and Lumbar Spine, 2002
Whiplash injury or cervical sprain syndrome is often the end result of rear-end vehicle collisions. The term whiplash lacks exact definition, and may present with a variety of symptoms-the only common factor being neck pain. When defined as a syndrome, the term whiplash has been typically used to describe the initial injury and subsequent sequelae associated with the acceleration extension of the head and neck during a rear-impact collision.
Domestic Abuse Across the Lifespan: Definitions, Identification and Risk Factors for Occupational Therapists
Christine Helfrich in Domestic Abuse Across the Lifespan, 2001
Shaken Baby Syndrome is a serious form of child abuse, involving infants under the age of six months. A case study detailing the clinical findings and treatment of a six-month-old infant with Shaken Baby Syndrome who received inpatient occupa tional therapy services is presented. This chapter examines that males were the most common perpetrators of severe child abuse cases resulting in permanent injury or even death. The term Shaken Baby Syndrome has evolved since initially coined "whiplash shaken baby syndrome" in 1972, by John Caffey, a pediatric radiologist, to describe a number of clinical findings in infants. Treating an infant with Shaken Baby Syndrome can be extremely challenging for an occupational therapist. During occupational therapy sessions it was essential to position an infant in proper developmental positions to promote age appropriate development. During the second week of occupational therapy John's muscle tone began to increase in both his upper and lower extremities.
Assessing the existence of dissociative PTSD in sub-acute patients of whiplash
Published in Journal of Trauma & Dissociation, 2019
Maj Hansen, Philip Hyland, Cherie Armour, Tonny E. Andersen
Numerous studies investigating dissociative posttraumatic stress disorder (D-PTSD) have emerged. However, there is a lack of studies investigating D-PTSD following a wider range of traumatic exposure. Thus, the present study investigates D-PTSD using latent class analysis (LCA) in sub-acute patients of whiplash and associated risk factors. The results of LCA showed a three-class solution primarily distributed according to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity and thus no indication of D-PTSD. Dissociative symptoms, psychological distress (i.e. anxiety/depression), and pain severity significantly predicted PTSD severity. Combined, the results support the component model of dissociation and PTSD, while still stressing the importance of dissociative symptoms when planning treatment for PTSD.
Postural stability in subjects with whiplash injury symptoms: results of a pilot study
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2014
Antonino Bianco, Francesco Pomara, Marco Petrucci, Giuseppe Battaglia, Davide Filingeri, Marianna Bellafiore, Ewan Thomas, Antonio Paoli, Antonio Palma
Conclusions: Posturographic tests can be used to assess and confirm the body’s imbalance in subjects with whiplash injury. Further studies with larger cohorts are necessary to confirm this pilot study. Objectives: To verify through a posturographic exam the qualitative and quantitative alterations of postural stability in subjects with previous cervical trauma in comparison with healthy subjects. Methods: A total of 42 subjects were analysed for the study; 22 as the control group (NM) and 20 (WM) with a positive anamnesis of whiplash injury from 3 to 12 month from diagnosis through a force platform. Centre of pressure (CoP) movements of the two groups with their eyes open and closed were recorded. Results: During the closed eye test, the subjects with cervical injuries displayed a significant increase in the anterior-posterior oscillation velocity (p < 0.05) compared with the control group, with a significant reduction (p < 0.01) of the ratio between the shifting length (SL) of CoP on the polygon support and the total envelope area (EA, mm2) of CoP movements in the polygon support (SL/EA-ratio, mm–1).
Differential diagnosis and treatment of bilateral facial pain after whiplash: a case report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2015
Study design: Clinical case report. Background: Symptoms in the face and jaw are common after whiplash. Few studies have reported cervicogenic headache in a trigeminal nerve distribution, and no published studies could be found describing such symptoms experienced bilaterally after whiplash. The objective of the current case report was to detail the clinical reasoning and management of an uncommon patient presentation. Case description: The 41-year-old female patient of the current case complained of shooting pain in the jaw, cheek and forehead beginning 7 days after her accident. No imaging was performed, and examination ruled out serious pathology. The patient was treated primarily with deep neck flexor (DNF) and proprioceptive training for 10 visits over an 8-week period. Outcomes: The Numeric Pain Rating Scale improved from 2/10 to 0/10, the Neck Disability Index improved from 17/50 to 1/50, and the Neck Flexor Muscle Endurance Test improved from 13 to 30 s. The patient remained symptom-free at 4-month follow-up. Discussion: The current case report describes a patient presentation unique to the literature. Significant changes were seen by week 3 with DNF and proprioceptive training. Additional research is required to determine the effectiveness of this intervention in similar presentations.
Related Knowledge Centers
- Anterior Longitudinal Ligament
- Paresthesia
- Vertebra
- Headache
- Neck
- Injury
- Referred Pain