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Urologic Involvement
Published in Nazar N. Amso, Saikat Banerjee, Endometriosis, 2022
Jörg Keckstein, Gernot Hudelist, Simon Keckstein
It was shown that patients with confirmed endometriosis in the vesicoureteral space more often had increased rates of bladder hypersensitivity and painful bladder filling (bladder pain, urinary urgency and/or increased urinary frequency) on urodynamic testing than patients without anterior adenomyosis. Urinary and bladder symptoms are similar to those seen in patients with bladder pain syndrome and interstitial cystitis.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Limbic Encephalopathy in a Dysregulated Neuroimmune Network
Published in Jay A. Goldstein, Chronic Fatigue Syndromes, 2020
Frontal lobe incontinence may present in an incomplete form of frequency and urgency. Lesions in the anterior cingulate gyrus can cause these symptoms, and we frequently see such lesions on PET scan. A characteristic SPECT scan lesion in CFS is right dorsolateral prefrontal hypoperfusion. It would not be surprising if aberrations in mucosal immunity which could cause interstitial cystitis or recurrent urinary tract infections could be caused by dysregulation of the innervation of immunocytes in bladder epithelium.
Urinary Bladder Microcirculation
Published in John H. Barker, Gary L. Anderson, Michael D. Menger, Clinically Applied Microcirculation Research, 2019
Dale A. Schuschke, James I. Harty
Interstitial cystitis is a poorly understood, often misdiagnosed condition of the bladder.16 Many theories have been proposed to explain its etiology, including mastocytosis (increased number of mast cells) of the bladder, an autoimmune disease, or defects in mucopolysaccharides thought to be a protective coating on the bladder mucosa. Histologically, the picture is that of a nonspecific inflammatory infiltrate. Mast cells may be seen, but are not always present. Some patients have ulcers in the bladder wall. Hematuria, if present, is usually mild and rarely life-threatening.
Using the UPOINT system to manage men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome
Published in Arab Journal of Urology, 2021
Darren J. Bryk, Daniel A. Shoskes
Once the physical examination is complete, the next step is laboratory tests or other diagnostic tools [9,15]. Urine analysis and urine culture should be obtained. During the DRE, prostate massage can be performed to obtain expressed prostate secretions (EPS), which can be cultured, or to obtain a post-massage urine for culture. Pre- and post-massage urine cultures, also known as the ‘two-glass’ test can aid in diagnosis of chronic bacterial prostatitis with similar accuracy as the historical ‘four-glass’ test [17]. As antibiotics can persist in the prostate fluid, cultures should ideally be obtained after being off antibiotics for ≥2 weeks. If appropriate by history, testing for sexually transmitted infections should be included [8]. We routinely measure a post-void residual in all men with pelvic pain or LUTS. The PSA level should be measured as appropriate for age and physical examination. Cystoscopy is indicated if other pathology is suspected (e.g. haematuria, interstitial cystitis) but does not need to be part of the routine evaluation [5]. The key features in men to suggest interstitial cystitis are severe LUTS and pain that worsens with bladder filling and improves with emptying [18].
Bladder carcinoma in situ in a patient with Lupus cystitis
Published in Modern Rheumatology Case Reports, 2019
Takahiko Akagi, Shunichi Fujita, Tomoyuki Mukai, Masaichiro Fujita, Yoshitaka Morita
To our knowledge, no reports of bladder cancer in association with lupus cystitis have been published to date. Whether SLE is a risk factor for bladder cancer is highly controversial. Although two reports indicate an increased risk of bladder cancer in lupus [18,19], a systematic review showed that many other clinical studies do not support this [20]. However, substantial evidence indicates that chronic inflammation, as can occur in lupus cystitis, is a definite cancer-causing factor. Indeed, there is a report which demonstrates the association between interstitial cystitis and bladder cancer in Taiwan [21]. This cohort study shows patients with interstitial cystitis to be 2.95 times more likely than comparison subjects to have subsequently received a diagnosis of bladder cancer. Therefore, in the same way as interstitial cystitis, lupus cystitis may well be a risk factor for bladder cancer.
Delayed Urinary Symptoms Induced by Ketamine
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2018
María Robles-Martínez, Alfonso C. Abad, Violeta Pérez-Rodríguez, Elena Ros-Cucurull, Abderraman Esojo, Carlos Roncero
After excluding venereal diseases and the persistence of the urinary symptomatology, the patient was referred to the Urology Service. The patient was doing up to 6 micturitions per hour. Visual examination with a cystoscope revealed bladder inflammation and biopsies verified that the patient had lesions compatible with interstitial cystitis with areas of denuded mucosa, superficial edema, and abundant vascularization. Neutrophilic leukocyte infiltrates were observed. Ultrasonography study of the upper urinary tract revealed small bladder capacity and unilateral hydronephrosis. Given the medical history, the urologist asked him about ketamine consumption and the patient declared a daily use of 50 milligrams of ketamine intranasally from age 15 to age 17. The patient was diagnosed with ketamine-associated cystitis.