China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Consumer Safety Considerations of Cosmetic Preservation*
Published in Philip A. Geis, Cosmetic Microbiology, 2020
Corie A. Ellison, Alhaji U. N’jai, Donald L. Bjerke
“The dose makes the poison” is a true statement made by Paracelsus, one of the founders of modern toxicology, in that every chemical has both a safe exposure level and a hazardous exposure level (13). The central premise of toxicology is to define both the hazardous and safe exposure levels of a compound to the species of interest and to ensure that exposure of a particular chemical as a cosmetic ingredient is well within the range of safety.
Radiation Hormesis in Cancer
Published in T. D. Luckey, Radiation Hormesis, 2020
Ames noted that most leading scientists are “very skeptical about all these worst case, low- dose extrapolations from high-dose animal tests.”12 He reiterates “the dose makes the poison” and the number of human cancer or birth defects from man-made pesticide residues is close to zero. The same message was proclaimed for all types of carcinogens by Effron; it certainly applies here.247,248
Protein Needs of Athletes
Published in David Lightsey, The Myths about Nutrition Science, 2019
The take-home point here is simple. BCAAs will not enhance your development, and their excessive intake through supplementation may increase your risk for hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes if further research replicates the findings. Recall the Principle of Toxicology—the dose makes the poison, discussed throughout this book. Any chemical compound, including all those your body requires to function normally, have an upper dose of safety that when surpassed may become harmful vs. helpful.
Himalayan poisonous plants for traditional healings and protection from viral attack: a comprehensive review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2022
Shriya Pathania, Diksha Pathania, Priyanka Chauhan, Mamta Sharma
There are numerous plants that are poisonous but contain various medicinal values. A plant when contacted or ingested inadequate amount can be hurtful or deadly to an organic entity or any plant skilled inspiring a poisonous and lethal response. Verifiably, we have discovered that everything is harmful; it is just the portion that isolates the poisonous from the nonpoisonous. Indeed, even water is poisonous if a huge sum (4–5 liters) is burned-through in a generally brief timeframe (2–3 h). In the Siddha medicinal system use of poisonous plants helps to cure some diseases. It is significant to have mindfulness regarding the poisonous plants which when used in the proper, prescribed dose, acts as potent therapeutic agents (Tamilselvan et al. 2014). Toxins are molecules that are harmful to every living organism. It is a fact that virtually any substance can be harmful at high enough concentrations-as Paracelsus (1493–1541) said in the sixteenth century, “the dose makes the poison”. Poisons include both naturally produced compounds and chemicals manufactured by humans.
Aloe vera and artemisia vulgaris hydrogels: exploring the toxic effects of structural transformation of the biocompatible materials
Published in Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 2021
Taskeen Frasat, Ume Ruqia Tulain, Alia Erum, Uzma Saleem, Muhammad Farhan Sohail, Rizwana Kausar
In the pharmaceutical market having a net value of about £215 billion, pharmaceutical excipients constitute about £1.5 billion. Despite this larger proportion, excipients have not been subjected to extensive toxicity testing as they are considered pharmacologically inactive thus, non-toxic [5]. However, several toxicities have been reported due to excipients like hypersensitivity of lanolin, benzoic acid, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA); phototoxicity due to cinnamon oil, bergamot oil (in perfumes); contact dermatitis caused by propylene glycol; systematic toxicities like renal tubular necrosis caused by subcutaneous or intravascular administration of β-cyclodextrin; in young children respiratory toxicities due to solutions containing benzyl alcohol; digestion problems because of lactose and diarrhea caused by mannitol solutions. All of these cases lead to the confirmation of the statement ‘The dose makes the poison’ [6,7].
Biomedical nanomaterials: applications, toxicological concerns, and regulatory needs
Published in Nanotoxicology, 2021
Ceyda Oksel Karakus, Eyup Bilgi, David A. Winkler
The basic concept of toxicology, the dose makes the poison, has not been fully adopted in the field of nano-safety (Lison, Vietti, and Van De Brule 2014). Selection of realistic exposure concentrations and physiologically relevant measures of dose is needed (and currently lacking) for meaningful comparison of in vitro outcomes with previously published in vitro data and in vivo biological responses (Cohen, Deloid, and Demokritou 2015). Unlike conventional materials whose toxic doses can solely be described by administered mass or concentration, NMs requires a careful adaptation of traditional dose-metrics as mass alone is often not sufficient to describe their property-dependent dose–response relationship (Delmaar et al. 2015). Earlier in vitro nanotoxicity studies have reported studied doses in mass units (μg/mL), ignoring surface- or number-related effects (Deloid et al. 2015). With the recognition of the need to move beyond mass-only metrics for NMs, various dose-metrics such as particle number, volume, surface area, and body burden have been suggested, each with some limitations. In the absence of universally agreed dose measures that can adequately reflect NM exposure, reporting concentrations in a range of dose metrics will allow for different interpretations of exposure. Special attention should be given to NM dispersion preparation and characterization to ensure accurate dosimetry and delivered to cell doses of particles (Cohen, Deloid, and Demokritou 2015).