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Normality
Published in David Woolley, Adam Woolley, Practical Toxicology, 2017
In some animal experiments, it is normal to use the animal as its own control. This is true for experiments where individual data are collected before treatment, but is a much more significant factor in some short-term tests. In studies such as skin sensitization in guinea pigs, the mouse ear swelling test, or in irritation studies, an untreated area of skin or the untreated ear or eye is assessed. This use of within-animal control data is based on the assumption that the chemical administered will not enter the systemic circulation and that all effects are therefore confined to the site of administration.
ZnO Q-dots as a potent therapeutic nanomedicine for in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of mouth KB44, breast MCF7, colon HT29 and HeLa cancer cell lines, mouse ear swelling tests in vivo and its side effects using the animal model
Published in Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology, 2018
Zahra Fakhroueian, Rouhollah Vahabpour, Mehdi Assmar, Alireza Massiha, Afshin Zahedi, Pegah Esmaeilzadeh, Fatemeh Katouzian, Sara Rezaei, Peyman Keyhanvar, Alireza Mozafari Dehshiri
The first aim of this novel research is to synthesize and characterize ZnO QD NPs through sol–gel, wet chemical, hydrothermal and quenching methods and to carry out surface modification via green fatty acids. Afterwards, zinc oxide/polyvinylpyrrolidone nanocomposites were fabricated as co-assistant and stabilizer for preparation and formulation of ZnO nanofluid original product providing unique chemical and physical properties. Another aim of this study was to examine the toxicity effects of ZnO nanofluid (not ZnO NPs) on four cancer cell lines in comparison with HFF-2 normal foreskin fibroblast cells after 24 and 48 h in vitro. Besides, apoptosis and necrotic induction of four cell lines were further confirmed by annexin V/PI staining. Mouse-ear swelling test (MEST) measurement was then performed for 12 d and no skin sensitization was observed in mice in vivo. Moreover, the side effects of ZnO nanofluid product were studied by exposing 70 mice in vivo. The results obtained from intraperitoneal (IP) injection toxicity and histopathological studies through mouse model showed promising results with regard to the safe and non-toxic of drug. Finally, antibacterial activity against some gram-positive bacteria was also carried out.