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Occupational Hygiene Assessments for the Use of Protective Gloves
Published in Robert N. Phalen, Howard I. Maibach, Protective Gloves for Occupational Use, 2023
Safety Data Sheets (SDSs), which are required under hazard communication standard, can be a great resource for identifying adverse health effects. Appendix A of the OSHA hazard communication standard highlighted the dermal acute toxicity, sensitization, and irritation/corrosivity reporting under the framework of the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).9 Examples of other great resources include International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs), Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) now within PubChem, and NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards.
Researching Medical Literature and Other Information
Published in Julie Dickinson, Anne Meyer, Karen J. Huff, Deborah A. Wipf, Elizabeth K. Zorn, Kathy G. Ferrell, Lisa Mancuso, Marjorie Berg Pugatch, Joanne Walker, Karen Wilkinson, Legal Nurse Consulting Principles and Practices, 2019
The NLM is the gateway for many online directories and databases. Examples include Directory of Information Resources Online (DIRLINE), Development and Reproductive Toxicology/Environmental Teratology Information Center, Health Services Research Projects in Progress, theHazardous Substances Data Bank, Toxline, ChemIDplus, Toxics Release Inventory, Genetics Home Reference, and Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man. To access any of these directories or databases, the LNC should go to www.nlm.nih.gov and search by keyword.
Safety Assessment of Extractables, Leachables, and Impurities
Published in David Woolley, Adam Woolley, Practical Toxicology, 2017
Qualification of extractables and leachables as contaminants in early batches is not possible, as they are essentially external to the product. For these, as with many impurities in drug substances and products, other resources have to be used, such as those provided by the US National Library of Medicine [TOXNET, Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB), Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information System (CCRIS), etc.].
Prime eligible poisons: identification of extremely hazardous substances available on Amazon.com®
Published in Clinical Toxicology, 2020
James B. Leonard, Elizabeth Quaal Hines, Bruce D. Anderson
A single author reviewed toxic products available on Amazon.com® using the “List of Extremely Hazardous Substances” defined by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) [11]. This list is established by the EPA to identify chemical substances that could cause serious irreversible health effects from accidental releases; initially published in 1986 and updated in 2006. Each product was searched for on Amazon.com® between March 2018 and December 2018. Amazon.com® is an international online retailer. Amazon Prime® is a paid subscription service of Amazon® that includes free two-day shipping, one-day shipping, and for some products and regions, same-day shipping. A Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was generated to include the product name, availability on Amazon.com®, eligibility for Amazon Prime®, whether purchase was limited to a business account, the price, and quantity available. When available, relative toxicity was recorded on a scale of 1–6 according to Gosselin’s Clinical Toxicology of Commercial Products where a rating of 1 is essentially nontoxic with an estimated lethal dose of greater than 15 g/kg and 6 is “supertoxic” with a probable lethal oral dose of less than 5 mg/kg [12]. When toxicity ratings were not available from Gosselin’s, the Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health (IDLH) from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health or the Lethal Dose in 50% of subjects available from the National Library of Health’s Hazardous Substances Data Bank was recorded [13,14]. The practical toxicity of quantities available was determined by the authors based on quantity available in a single unit purchase and the inherent toxicity of the agent according to Gosselin’s. Products with only an animal LD50 listed were noted as “unknown” toxic potential due to limited human data. The institutional review board at our institution reviewed this study and determined it to be non human subject research.