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Aromatic Medicine
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
Sakshi Bajaj, Himangini Bansal
Inflammatory conditions are related with torment, redness, and swelling, prompting loss of imperative capacities. Essential oils have been utilized for quite a few years to soothe torment and aggravation. Generally, EOs have more effective and pain-relieving properties than numerous pharmaceutical analgesics. The utilization of EOs has numerous advantages in the treatment of inflammation since it has fewer reactions than numerous synthetic and conventional medications. An audit of the therapeutic properties of chamomile reported that plants contain a larger number of flavonoids with anti-inflammatory properties than others do. These inflammation decreasing compounds can enter the skin effectively and lessen inflammation. Tea tree oil has been appeared to increment monocytic differentiation in vitro and lessen irritation, in this way helping the mending of incessant injuries. Other promising applications have been proposed for Helichrysum italicum (Roth) G. Don as antispastic (Rigano et al., 2013), Pelargonium roseum L’h´er. as anti-inflammatory (Boukhatem et al., 2013), and O. majorana L. as antimutagenic agent (Mossa et al., 2013).
Plant Species from the Atlantic Forest Biome and Their Bioactive Constituents
Published in Luzia Valentina Modolo, Mary Ann Foglio, Brazilian Medicinal Plants, 2019
Rebeca Previate Medina, Carolina Rabal Biasetto, Lidiane Gaspareto Felippe, Lilian Cherubin Correia, Marília Valli, Afif Felix Monteiro, Alberto José Cavalheiro, Ângela Regina Araújo, Ian Castro-Gamboa, Maysa Furlan, Vanderlan da Silva Bolzani, Dulce Helena Siqueira Silva
Further investigation on the mutagenic properties of C. sylvestris was carried out using Tradescantia micronucleus assay, the MN test in mouse bone marrow cells, and the comet assay. The same extract (ELCS) and casearin X (44) (Figure 9.8), another clerodane diterpene isolated from this extract, were evaluated as protective agents against the harmful effects of airborne pollutants from sugarcane burning. The mutagenic agent in this case was total suspended particulate (TSP) from air, collected near Araraquara (São Paulo, Brazil) during the sugarcane-burning season. ELCS exhibited antimutagenic activity in the Tradescantia micronucleus assay and was able to reduce DNA damage caused by TSP in the MN test and in the comet assay, while compound 44 reduced only DNA damage assessed by the comet assay. Such data suggested that C. sylvestris extract and the isolated diterpenes might act by different mechanisms to protect DNA against damage, including repairable and non-repairable damages (Prieto et al., 2012).
Pharmacological actions of chemical constituents
Published in C. P. Khare, Evidence-based Ayurveda, 2019
The anticancer effects of genistein on in vitro and in vivo models have been extensively reviewed. In a study to determine the effects of isoflavones genistein, daidzein and biochanin A on mammary carcinogenesis, genistein was found to suppress the development of chemically induced mammary cancer without reproductive or endocrinological toxicities. Neonatal administration of genistein (a flavonoid) exhibited a protective effect against the subsequent development of induced mammary cancer in rats. Hesperidin, a flavanone glycoside, is known to inhibit azoxymethanol induced colon and mammary cancers in rats. The anticancer properties of flavonoids contained in citrus fruits have been reviewed by Carroll et al. Several flavonols, flavones, flavanones and the isoflavone biochanin A are reported to have potent antimutagenic activity. A carbonyl function at C-4 of the flavone nucleus was found to be essential for their activity. Flavone-8-acetic acid has also been shown to have antitumor effects. In earlier studies, ellagic acid, robinetin, quercetin and myricetin have been shown to inhibit the tumorigenicity of BP-7, 8-diol-9 and 10-epoxide-2 on mouse skin. Higher consumption of phytoestrogens, including isoflavones and other flavonoids, has been shown to provide protection against prostate cancer risk.
Hepatoprotective effect of the radiation countermeasure flagellin in the long term after irradiation of mice
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Lyudmila P. Sycheva, Lev M. Rozhdestvenskii, Nina I. Lisina, Tatyana G. Shliakova, Valery V. Zorin, Kseniya Yu. Romanova
At present, much attention is paid to new promising antiradiation drugs developed on the basis of the flagellin family of bacterial flagellar proteins (CBLB502, entolimod). It was found that these proteins determine the virulence of bacteria to a certain extent and activate the innate and adaptive immunity of the host organism. Antiradiation and mitigation activity of CBLB502 was shown in studies in mice and primates (Burdelya et al. 2008). It has been shown that entolimod protects the body of rodents and primates in acute radiation syndrome due to a decrease in radiation-induced apoptosis and accelerated regeneration of progenitors in damaged tissues. The status of entolimod is an investigational new drug and an orphan drug in the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) system. An application has been submitted for permission to use it in pre-emergency situations (Singh and Seed 2021). The protective effect of CBLB502 was determined in short-term experiments when assessing DNA-comets and chromosomal aberrations. The main importance of the liver in the anticarcinogenic and antiradiation activity of CBLB502 has been established (Burdelya et al. 2013). However, there is still little data on the antimutagenic and hepatoprotective effect of the drug, and this effect has practically not been studied in the long term after exposure.
Safety and biological activity evaluation of Uncaria rhynchophylla ethanolic extract
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2022
Heung Bin Lim, Hyeong Ryeol Lee
Antimutagenic mechanisms predominantly comprise inactivation of the mutagen, inhibition of the metabolic activity of the mutagen, and inactivation of the activated mutagen (Słoczyńska et al. 2014). In the last few decades, the antimutagenic activity of natural and synthetic compounds has been vastly explored, and studies on the identification and characterization of compounds exhibiting antimutagenic activity have also been extensively reported (Słoczyńska et al. 2014). For example, phenolic compounds, such as the phenols and vitamin E in green tea, have been reported to exhibit antimutagenic activity through various mechanisms including cytochrome P450-mediated action, interference with mutagen metabolism, DNA protective effects against mutagens with electrophilic properties, and interaction with mutagen metabolites (Marnewick et al. 2000, De Flora et al. 2001). Gallic acid has been reported to exhibit antimutagenic activity owing to its action of scavenging electrophilic mutagens (Hour et al. 1999).
Assessment of the phenolic content, mutagenicity and genotoxicity of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves from Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-hil
Published in Drug and Chemical Toxicology, 2020
Douglas Costa Gontijo, Líria Granato Nunes, Letícia Monteiro Farias, Maria Gorette Resende Duarte, André Furtado Carvalho, Luciano Gomes Fietto, João Paulo Viana Leite
Some phenolic compounds have beneficial properties to human health. These beneficial antioxidant, antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, anti-estrogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties have preventive action against diseases and protect genome stability (Johnson et al.2010, Gontijo et al.2017). Table 1 shows the total polyphenol, flavonoid, and proanthocyanidin contents in SSP and LSP extracts. The highest total polyphenol and flavonoid concentrations found in LSP met the HPLC chromatographic profile generated for both extracts in comparison to the ones found in SSP. The LSP chromatogram recorded a larger number of phenolic compound peaks. The pharmacological activity of different polyphenol classes is associated with the structure of these compounds; in addition, significant differences found in the flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents between SSP and LSP may be associated with the therapeutic use of S. pseudoquina.