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The Special Sense Organs and Their Disorders
Published in Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss, Understanding Medical Terms, 2020
Walter F. Stanaszek, Mary J. Stanaszek, Robert J. Holt, Steven Strauss
An otologist is a specialist in treating disorders of the ear. This specialty is often combined with treatment of the upper respiratory tract (otolaryngology), and the patient may be referred to an otolaryngologist for hearing disorders. Antimicrobial drugs are used in treatment of otitis media to eradicate the pathogen, shorten the period of illness, and prevent suppurative (pus) complications. Myringotomy, incision into the tympanic membrane, is a procedure utilized for drainage of the middle ear. A tympanoplasty or myringoplasty is performed to repair perforations of the tympanic membrane that do not satisfactorily heal spontaneously.
Ears
Published in Marie Lyons, Arvind Singh, Your First ENT Job, 2018
‘Dead ear’ or decreased hearing: This is unusual but can possibly occur due to injury to middle ear structures. Always warn the patient that the purpose of a myringoplasty is to give a clean dry safe ear and not to improve hearing. If the hearing improves then this is an added bonus.
Myringoplasty
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Christopher P Aldren, Doris-Eva Bamiou, Raymond W Clarke, Richard M Irving, Haytham Kubba, Shakeel R Saeed, Paediatrics, The Ear, Skull Base, 2018
Myringoplasty can be defined as the surgical repair of the tympanic membrane.1 In the majority of cases the damage is likely to be a persisting perforation of the drum but there are also situations where a thin or retracted drum may need to be reinforced. This chapter will focus on the perforated eardrum but some of the techniques described are also applicable to reinforcement myringoplasty. Wullstein in 19562 classified tympanoplasty, with myringoplasty being classified as a Type I tympanoplasty.
Canalplasty using underwater bone drilling in transcanal endoscopic myringoplasty for patients with a narrow external auditory canal
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2022
Quanming Zhang, Lue Zhang, Nan Zeng, Jing Hu, Shuo Li, Chunsheng Gao, Qiong Yang
Myringoplasty is a routine surgery that restores the integrity of the sound transmission structure of the middle ear by repairing tympanic membrane (TM) perforation. The external auditory canal (EAC) is the sole access for myringoplasty, and its spaciousness and straightness are crucial for the operation [1]. Due to developmental effects, the tympanic bones of some patients bulge into the EAC, resulting in bony tortuosity and narrowness of the EAC and hindering the total visualization of the TM and the precise manipulation of the surgery [2,3]. For such patients, antecedent canalplasty should be performed prior to myringoplasty to remove the bony bulges, enlarge the osseous EAC and fully visualize the TM [1,3–5]. The enlarged EAC not only substantially facilitates preparation of the graft bed and accurate placement of the graft under direct vision, thus improving the success rate of surgery, but also allows easier postoperative drainage, self-cleaning and care [1,5].
Endoscopic transtympanic cartilage push-through myringoplasty without tympanomeatal flap elevation for tympanic membrane perforation
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2021
Myringoplasty is the process of repairing perforation of the tympanic membrane with graft materials. Although microscopic myringoplasty is the most commonly performed procedure, the increasing use of endoscope is justified by its proven advantages [1,2]. The endoscopic myringoplasty includes underlay and overlay techniques, the classic underlay method requires tympanomeatal flap elevation, and the overlay method is potentially complicated by graft lateralization. In addition, there have been two types of endoscopic myringoplasty that do not need to lift tympanomeatal flap, namely, push-through and butterfly-inlay [3–5]. In theory, endoscopic cartilage butterfly-inlay myringoplasty (EBM), including the modified [6], may be complicated with postoperative cholesteatoma, so we are here to study the endoscopic push-through myringoplasty (EPM).
Long-term outcomes in children with and without cleft palate treated with tympanostomy for otitis media with effusion before the age of 2 years
Published in Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 2020
Maki Inoue, Mariko Hirama, Shinji Kobayashi, Noboru Ogahara, Masahiro Takahashi, Nobuhiko Oridate
VT placement can effectively and rapidly improve hearing but pose a risk of complications. Hong et al. [7] demonstrated that children treated for OME without tympanostomy had better hearing levels than children treated with tympanostomy, because of the lower incidence of TM abnormalities. Furthermore, Maheshwar et al. [17] reported that hearing aids were more successful than VTs in correcting hearing impairment in children with cleft palate treated for OME and were helpful to prevent possible otological complications, such as TM perforation and cholesteatoma. The present study shows that air conduction thresholds at the last examination at the age of 7 years was similar in the two groups. The mean PTA at the age of 7 years was 15.6 dB HL in the ears in the study group and 14.3 dB HL in the ears in the control group. The mean PTA was also not significantly different between healed ears and non-healed ears in either group. Overall, in this study, there were 9 ears with PTA > 25 dB HL; of these, 5 had ongoing OME and 4 had TM perforation. Hearing impairment caused by OME can be improved rapidly by myringotomy or tympanostomy. TM perforation can be treated in the future, and all ears that underwent myringoplasty in this study had satisfactory hearing levels. However, TM perforation is associated to persistent hearing impairment and may require longer follow-up than other TM abnormalities. Thus, an informed consent about possible complications associated with tympanostomy is necessary.