China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Corneal Disorders
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Darren S. J. Ting, Rashmi Deshmukh, Daniel S. W. Ting, Marcus Ang
Since the first successful penetrating keratoplasty performed more than 100 years ago, corneal transplantation remains the main method for restoring corneal clarity and vision in patients with visually debilitating corneal diseases.85 It is the most common transplantation performed worldwide, with >40,000 cases/year and ~3,500 cases/year performed in the USA and the UK, respectively.85 However, shortage of donor corneas remains a persistent global issue, with around one cornea available for 70 needed.69 This has led to a range of innovative measures being considered and implemented to improve the eye donation rate and utilization of donor corneas.86–89
Scheie and Hurler–Scheie diseases/mucopolysaccharidosis IS and IHS/α-iduronidase deficiency
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
The supportive management and enzyme replacement set out in Chapter 76 is particularly appropriate for Scheie and Hurler–Scheie patients. Hematologic stem cell transplantation, especially if performed before two years of age has resulted in rescue of neurocognition [45]. In 45 patients with attenuated disease recombinant laronidase had decreased excretion of glycosaminoglycan and decreased hepatic volume, improved shoulder flexion and decrease in sleep apnea. Corneal transplantation has been successful [46, 47]. Aggressive surgical treatment of glaucoma and carpal tunnel syndrome is also indicated. Cardiac valve replacement has also been successful in both IS and IH/IS patients [18, 19]. Mitral valve replacement and resection of a large left atrial appendage was successful in a patient with Hurler–Scheie syndrome [48]. Hydrocephalus requires shunting, and cervical cord decompression may be required.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Fungal Keratitis
Published in Mahendra Rai, Marcelo Luís Occhiutto, Mycotic Keratitis, 2019
For all fungal corneal ulcers, if there is no perforation or no tendency for perforation, the preferred treatment method is a combination of various antifungal drugs. Then, depending on the outcome of the treatment, the size, location, depth of the lesion, and the visual acuity, the ophthalmologist, together with the patient, decides whether corneal transplantation is needed. The main indications for lamellar keratoplasty include: Drug treatment for one week or more is ineffective or the patient has suffered from the disease for a long time but has not been cured.It is superficial or medium layer ulcers, infiltration only affecting the anterior 2/3 corneal stroma.The visual acuity drops seriously to 20/200 or below.
Toxicity of Amphotericin B in Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells Stored in Optisol™-GS: Corneal Epithelial Cell Morphology and Migration
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Kohei Harada, Hideki Fukuoka, Yuriko Ban, Yulia Aziza, Go Horiguchi, Hidetoshi Tanioka, Shigeru Kinoshita, Masafumi Uematsu, Takashi Kitaoka, Chie Sotozono
It should be noted that this current study did have some limitations. First, the experiments performed in this study involved the use of rabbit corneas, as Japanese law prohibits the use of domestic human donor corneas in academic research. Second, the number of vacuoles and the ZO-1 expression in the histological experiments were not quantitatively evaluated. The findings in this study reveal that an AmB concentration of ≥5 μg/ml in Optisol™-GS may affect CEC morphology and migration ability. It should be noted that there are numerous corneal transplantation techniques, such as penetrating keratoplasty, epithelial transplantation, endothelial transplantation, etc. However, the method used for corneal preservation has yet to be standardized globally. Thus, the toxicity of AmB needs to be further evaluated, not only in regard to corneal endothelial cells but also CECs. Our findings showed that AmB at the concentration of 2.5 μg/ml can be considered safe and effective for the preservation of donor corneal tissue used for corneal epithelial transplantation surgery. However, for a more detailed and precise evaluation of AmB toxicity, further studies evaluating morphological, functional, and clinical changes in human corneal grafts may be necessary.
Awareness on Eye Donation in the North-eastern State of Tripura, India – The Tripura Eye Survey
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Srinivas Marmamula, Ruchi Priya, Rajashekar Varada, Jill E Keeffe
Globally, 5% of the vision loss is attributed to corneal opacities in2010.1 Corneal transplantation is a standard procedure that offers the potential for sight restoration to those with vision loss from corneal diseases. Over 12.7 million people worldwide are estimated to benefit from corneal transplantation.2 Unfortunately, half of the global population does not have access to corneal transplantation due to limited eye banking services.3 In India, there are approximately 6.8 million people with visual acuity worse than 6/60 in at least one eye due to corneal blindness and about a million with bilateral corneal involvement.4 The number of individuals with unilateral corneal blindness in India was estimated as 10.6 million in 2020.5 The major causes of corneal-related vision loss include trachoma, corneal ulcerations, xerophthalmia, ophthalmia neonatorum, harmful traditional eye medicines, onchocerciasis, leprosy, and ocular trauma.6
SARS-CoV-2: Impact on, Risk Assessment and Countermeasures in German Eye Banks
Published in Current Eye Research, 2021
Céline Trigaux, Sabine Salla, Jan Schroeter, Theofilos Tourtas, Henning Thomasen, Philip Maier, Olaf J.C. Hellwinkel, Ilka Wittmershaus, Patrick R. Merz, Berthold Seitz, Bernhard Nölle, Norbert Schrage, Sigrid Roters, Melissa Apel, Andrea Gareiss-Lok, Constantin E. Uhlig, Sebastian Thaler, Florian Raber, Daniel Kampik, Gerd Geerling, Johannes Menzel-Severing
In the future, we expect to see several changes in the current guidelines and practice patterns of eye banking because new exclusion criteria further limit the availability, while the demand for donor tissue is likely to remain unaltered. However, the prevalence of ocular viral load in the hospital patient population (and proportionally to this, in the potential corneal donor population) remains uncertain. Out of the few eye banks who introduced additional testing, all swabs tested negative. Moreover, the risk of transmission between donor and recipient eyes through corneal transplantation seems very low but is still unclear. At current, this risk seems theoretical, leading to most eye banks not introducing additional testing or additional protective measures for personnel; however, there is an urgent, unmet need for a better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 virulence and its behavior on the corneal surface before well-founded adaptations of current guidelines can be made.