China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Corneal Disorders
Published in Ching-Yu Cheng, Tien Yin Wong, Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Darren S. J. Ting, Rashmi Deshmukh, Daniel S. W. Ting, Marcus Ang
Amongst all, keratoconus and FECD are two of the most commonly investigated corneal diseases. This is primarily attributed to the high disease prevalence and the need for corneal transplantation for the severe form of these diseases, which places substantial burden on the limited pool of donor corneas.95 Over the years, GWLS have successfully identified a number of genetic mutations implicated in keratoconus, including COL8A1, CAST, LOX, TCEB1, and TGFBI genes, amongst others.124 GWAS has increasingly been used to identify genetic susceptibility regions in keratoconus and FECD.124,125 For instance, McComish et al.115 recently identified a novel genetic locus in PNPLA2 at chromosome 11 for keratoconus based on over 6 million genetic variants. Several novel genetic loci for FECD, including TCF4, KANK4 rs79742895, LAMC1 rs3768617, and LINC00970/ATP1B1 rs1200114, have also been discovered through GWAS.119 Next-generation sequencing (NGS), which represents the most comprehensive tool in identifying genomic variants,126 has recently been utilized to unravel novel mutations associated with other types of corneal dystrophy.127
Atropine
Published in Anton C. de Groot, Monographs in Contact Allergy, 2021
A 43-year-old man accidentally splashed caustic soda in his right eye. The eye was immediately rinsed with water, and subsequently treated with atropine eye drops, corticosteroid eye drops and antibiotic ointment. Later, because of corneal vascularization and ulceration, a cornea transplantation and lens extraction, with implantation of an artificial lens, was performed. Treatment with indomethacin, atropine and chloramphenicol eye drops seemed to cause an allergic reaction. Patch testing showed positive reactions to atropine sulfate 1% water and d-penicillamine (8).
Scheie and Hurler–Scheie diseases/mucopolysaccharidosis IS and IHS/α-iduronidase deficiency
Published in William L. Nyhan, Georg F. Hoffmann, Aida I. Al-Aqeel, Bruce A. Barshop, Atlas of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, 2020
The supportive management and enzyme replacement set out in Chapter 76 is particularly appropriate for Scheie and Hurler–Scheie patients. Hematologic stem cell transplantation, especially if performed before two years of age has resulted in rescue of neurocognition [45]. In 45 patients with attenuated disease recombinant laronidase had decreased excretion of glycosaminoglycan and decreased hepatic volume, improved shoulder flexion and decrease in sleep apnea. Corneal transplantation has been successful [46, 47]. Aggressive surgical treatment of glaucoma and carpal tunnel syndrome is also indicated. Cardiac valve replacement has also been successful in both IS and IH/IS patients [18, 19]. Mitral valve replacement and resection of a large left atrial appendage was successful in a patient with Hurler–Scheie syndrome [48]. Hydrocephalus requires shunting, and cervical cord decompression may be required.
Disparities in Access to Corneal Tissue in the Developing World
Published in Seminars in Ophthalmology, 2023
Catherine Liu, Hajirah N. Saeed
There are large disparities in both rates of corneal blindness as well as access to cornea tissue for transplantation between the developed and developing world. The majority of corneal blindness is preventable, and while global efforts have reduced corneal blindness in certain parts of the world, millions are still blind from corneal disease, with keratoplasty as their only option for restored sight. Successful corneal transplantation requires optimization on several fronts: cornea tissue donation, procurement, eye banking, infrastructure, training and education, and post-operative care. Eye banks play a crucial role in education and providing cornea tissue in addition to standardizing tissue processing and storage. While we are far from providing optimal access to cornea tissue for all those who could benefit, there are local, national, and global initiatives that can reduce the burden of corneal blindness.
Toxicity of Amphotericin B in Rabbit Corneal Epithelial Cells Stored in Optisol™-GS: Corneal Epithelial Cell Morphology and Migration
Published in Current Eye Research, 2022
Kohei Harada, Hideki Fukuoka, Yuriko Ban, Yulia Aziza, Go Horiguchi, Hidetoshi Tanioka, Shigeru Kinoshita, Masafumi Uematsu, Takashi Kitaoka, Chie Sotozono
It should be noted that this current study did have some limitations. First, the experiments performed in this study involved the use of rabbit corneas, as Japanese law prohibits the use of domestic human donor corneas in academic research. Second, the number of vacuoles and the ZO-1 expression in the histological experiments were not quantitatively evaluated. The findings in this study reveal that an AmB concentration of ≥5 μg/ml in Optisol™-GS may affect CEC morphology and migration ability. It should be noted that there are numerous corneal transplantation techniques, such as penetrating keratoplasty, epithelial transplantation, endothelial transplantation, etc. However, the method used for corneal preservation has yet to be standardized globally. Thus, the toxicity of AmB needs to be further evaluated, not only in regard to corneal endothelial cells but also CECs. Our findings showed that AmB at the concentration of 2.5 μg/ml can be considered safe and effective for the preservation of donor corneal tissue used for corneal epithelial transplantation surgery. However, for a more detailed and precise evaluation of AmB toxicity, further studies evaluating morphological, functional, and clinical changes in human corneal grafts may be necessary.
Awareness on Eye Donation in the North-eastern State of Tripura, India – The Tripura Eye Survey
Published in Ophthalmic Epidemiology, 2022
Srinivas Marmamula, Ruchi Priya, Rajashekar Varada, Jill E Keeffe
Globally, 5% of the vision loss is attributed to corneal opacities in2010.1 Corneal transplantation is a standard procedure that offers the potential for sight restoration to those with vision loss from corneal diseases. Over 12.7 million people worldwide are estimated to benefit from corneal transplantation.2 Unfortunately, half of the global population does not have access to corneal transplantation due to limited eye banking services.3 In India, there are approximately 6.8 million people with visual acuity worse than 6/60 in at least one eye due to corneal blindness and about a million with bilateral corneal involvement.4 The number of individuals with unilateral corneal blindness in India was estimated as 10.6 million in 2020.5 The major causes of corneal-related vision loss include trachoma, corneal ulcerations, xerophthalmia, ophthalmia neonatorum, harmful traditional eye medicines, onchocerciasis, leprosy, and ocular trauma.6