China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Cranial Neuropathies I, V, and VII–XII
Published in Philip B. Gorelick, Fernando D. Testai, Graeme J. Hankey, Joanna M. Wardlaw, Hankey's Clinical Neurology, 2020
Avoid complications, such as exposure keratitis: Occurs if the cornea is not adequately protected.Can be avoided by using artificial tears, instilling lubricating paraffin ointment, and taping (rather than padding) the eye closed at night.Dark glasses should be worn outdoors.Ophthalmological evaluation should be sought if the patient reports eye discomfort, or the eye becomes irritated despite the above measures.Botulinum toxin injection into the eyelid levator to weaken it may be considered if conservative measures fail.Tarsorrhaphy is rarely necessary in cooperative patients.Facial electrostimulation has not been shown to provide benefit.33
The Impact of Technology on Mental Health
Published in Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel, Electrical Brain Stimulation for the Treatment of Neurological Disorders, 2019
Bahman Zohuri, Patrick J. McDaniel
According to various embodiments, the present disclosure provides various devices and methods for providing therapeutic and/or beneficial cranial electrostimulation. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides methods and apparatus that utilize a combination of real-time brain functional monitoring and noninvasive electrical and/or magnetic trans-cranial brain stimulation to modify the brain function as exhibited in individual and group activities.
Adaptation to Stress and its Cardioprotective Effect in Stress, Ischemic, and Reperfusion Damage
Published in Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin, Adaptive Protection of The Heart: Protecting Against Stress and Ischemic Damage, 2019
Felix Z. Meerson, Alexander V. Galkin
These studies61 were carried out on Wistar male rats weighing 200 to 250 g; the animals were grouped in six series: (1) control; (2) a course of electroacupuncture (EA); (3) a 12-h immobilization stress; (4) stress after EA; (5) acute ischemia in left coronary artery occlusion; and (6) acute ischemia after EA. For EA, needles were introduced into the floor of both auricles near the external acoustic meatus, and pointed impulses (0.8 to 2 mA, 1.5 ms, 3 Hz) were delivered with a Jasper CS-504 electrostimulator for 20 min daily for 2.5 weeks. This dosage of electrostimulation approximated those used for reflexotherapy in humans. The immobilization stress was produced by fixing the animals by four limbs in the supine position for 12 h. Acute ischemia in conscious, closed-chest animals was produced according to Lepran et al.48 All physiological and biochemical techniques have been described earlier. Catecholamine content in the adrenergic fibers of right ventricular myocardium was assayed by the luminometric method of Folck-Owman as modified by Krokhina.62
Assisted biomimetic electrostimulation therapy can improve the clinical pregnancy rate of patients with abnormal endometrial receptivity undergoing frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Rong Luo, Fang Yang, Tao Shen, Jiahui Wang, Yihan Jin, Jinchun Lu, Yuanjiao Liang
Previous studies focused on whether BES could improve endometrial receptivity by increasing endometrial thickness in patients with a thin endometrium. Bodombossou-Djobo et al. (2011) found that endometrial thickness increased by 2.33 mm after electrostimulation, which was statistically significant compared with the control group. In addition, the CPR of the treatment group was slightly higher than that of the control group. The detailed mechanism of action of electrostimulation remains unclear, but it is believed that it increases endometrial thickness and improves endometrial receptivity mainly by stimulating uterine smooth muscle contraction, accelerating velocity of blood flow, reducing vascular resistance, and increasing blood circulation between the myometrium and endometrium (Bodombossou-Djobo et al. 2011). In our study, although the included patients did not have a thin endometrium, we observed a mild increase in endometrial thickness in the BES group on FET day. The reason for the insignificant difference between groups may be that the number of included cycles was relatively small.
Editorial comment to “Implementation of sacral neuromodulation for urinary indication. A Danish prospective cohort study from the first 15 months” by Kobberø H, Andersen M, Andersen K, et al.
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2022
Unfortunately, just a few urology applications of electro-stimulation have matured into general use - progress requiring continuous technical and commercial efforts and support. The technique of sacral root neuromodulation pioneered by Tanagho and Schmidt [6] is one exception, has multiple users, and is constantly improving; now working quite well in centers with well-organized routines [7]. Considering the unique potentials of patient benefit these techniques should be more widespread. Limitations are the learning curve, sometimes vague indications and that volumes of patients per center have to be sufficient to maintain good technical skills as well as working routines. The present research group has to be congratulated [8]. Although they were in the beginning phase of the learning curve, and in spite of focusing on real problem cases with quite heterogenic causes, previously subjected to multiple treatment attempts, their results were favorable and, apart from two device infections, complications were mild. Their achievements have to be applauded, and the gain for their unfortunate group of patients is obvious. This treatment principle should be taken more seriously. Although not suited for every department, there should be a reasonable geographical spread of centers using these techniques, to make the methods accessible to a broader patient population.
Application of multi-component fluid model in studies of the origin of skin burns during electrosurgical procedures
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Marija Radmilović-Radjenović, Martin Sabo, Branislav Radjenović
Electrosurgery is a term used to describe the application of electric current into biological tissue to obtain desired clinical effects (Massarweh et al. 2006; Palanker et al. 2008; Taheri et al. 2014; Shen et al. 2016; Meeuwsen et al. 2019). There are certain safety challenges concerning the use of electrosurgery and burns are the most common and feared. The effects of electric currents flowing through a human body vary from little or no perceptible effect to severe tissue injury caused by the electrosurgical spark (Dixon and Watkin 1990; Lu et al. 2002; Aird and Brown 2012; Bisinotto et al. 2017; El‐Sayed et al. 2020). Although electrosurgical equipment usually generates sparks with frequencies suited to avoid electrostimulation of nerves and muscles (Belov et al. 2010; Golpaygani et al. 2016), such procedures may lead to undesirable electrical stimulation and burns (Wu et al. 2000; Belik et al. 2017, Sultan et al. 2020). Therefore, studies of the breakdown voltage and corresponding electric current that reaches the body can be critically important in clinician understanding how and why specific accidents occur and what medical and surgical problems may be expected (Grimnes 1983; Schneider and Abatti 2008).