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Physical and Cognitive Rehabilitation for Children with Brain and Spinal Tumors
Published in David A. Walker, Giorgio Perilongo, Roger E. Taylor, Ian F. Pollack, Brain and Spinal Tumors of Childhood, 2020
Alexandra M. Gaynor, Helen Hartley, Stephen A. Sands
Adjuncts to therapy treatment may include functional electrical stimulation (FES). FES may help to prevent muscle atrophy and potentially improve functional ability.93,94 FES may also be used in combination with other adjuncts such as orthoses or body weight support treadmill training to optimize benefits.95 Use of an FES bike has also been suggested to improve function and bone density in adults.96,97 There is general support for gait training, although different types are described in the literature (for example, body weight support, overground, FES-assisted). Gandhi et al.98 completed a systematic review examining walking or locomotor training in children with spinal cord injury. The authors reported varying durations and intensities; however there was a trend for greater gains with greater total training durations. Intensive training including practice overground resulted in notable improvements. Ongoing progress may be monitored with the use of outcome measures such as the Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM).99
Outcome Measures
Published in Barbara A. Wilson, Jill Winegardner, Caroline M. van Heugten, Tamara Ownsworth, Neuropsychological Rehabilitation, 2017
In the field of spinal cord injury, basic data sets for specific domains of functioning were being developed with the purpose of including a minimal number of data elements, which together can be collected in routine clinical practice (Biering-Sørensen et al., 2012). Basic data sets are available for different domains, such as upper extremity functioning (Biering-Sørensen et al., 2014), pain (Widerström-Noga et al., 2016), quality of life (Charlifue et al., 2012) and activities and participation (Post et al., 2016a). These basic data sets are developed by committees of experts and reviewed by relevant organisations, such as international spinal cord associations and leading scientists in the field. For the latter category, both performance and satisfaction ratings were considered and the data sets consist of items selected from two existing questionnaires (Spinal Cord Independence Measure III and the CHART; Post et al., 2016a).
Spinal Cord Injury in Older Adults
Published in K. Rao Poduri, Geriatric Rehabilitation, 2017
Philippines G. Cabahug, Albert C. Recio, Jeffrey B. Palmer
However, this should not preclude elderly SCI patients from receiving aggressive rehabilitation management. Elderly SCI patients demonstrate better recovery of motor deficit (i.e., improvement in motor scores).114 A study by Furlan et al. showed that neurologic recovery 1 year after injury as measured by motor and sensory scores in SCI patients aged ≥65 years did not differ from younger SCI patients.111 Although neurologic recovery is demonstrated, this does not correspond to improvement in functional outcomes.115,116 Elderly patients with traumatic SCI had less favorable functional recovery as assessed by Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) scores114,116 and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores117 within 1 year after injury. Thus rehabilitation for older SCI patients should incorporate strategies to translate the motor recovery to improvement in function and activities of daily living (ADL).
Use of the Physical Abilities and Mobility Scale (PAMS) in Children Receiving Inpatient Rehabilitation for Spinal Cord Related Paralysis
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2022
Cynthia Salorio, Kelsey Rogers, Erin Neuland, Julie Cagney, Cristina Sadowsky
Many outcome measures used in the pediatric population are not SCD/SCI specific. Some available measures are borrowed from those assessing gross motor development3–7 or measures that assess motor performance in children with acquired or congenital diseases such as spina bifida,8 traumatic brain injury,9 or cerebral palsy.10 Those measures that are validated in the SCI population, like Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM),11 Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury (WISCI),12,13 10 m -timed walk, 6-min walk, timed up and go,14 and others15,16 are not comprehensively studied in children, especially children younger than 6 years of age.17,18 In addition, most measures lack the sensitivity to show small motor changes, especially at the lower end of motor skills.19,20
Nerve transfer rehabilitation in tetraplegia: Comprehensive assessment and treatment program to improve upper extremity function before and after nerve transfer surgery, a case report
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Ana Valeria Aguirre-Güemez, Mario Mendoza-Muñoz, Gabriela Jiménez-Coello, Gerald Martín Rhoades-Torres, Ramiro Pérez-Zavala, Aida Barrera-Ortíz, Jimena Quinzaños-Fresnedo
As part of standard management, the subject underwent integrative review by our team, along with application of SCI specific scales. The psychometric properties of tests and measures recommended for the assessment of upper limb and hand function for tetraplegia are summarized by standardized measures across multiple domains of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The assessment tools mentioned below, which are validated for SCI patients reflect these domains: AIS, upper extremity motor score (UEMS), and spinal cord independence measure (SCIM-III) for function, SCIM-III and capabilities of upper extremity questionnaire (CUE-Q) for activity and participation, SCIM-III and life satisfaction questionnaire (LiSAT-9) for environmental factors. AIS has 75–95% validity and 90–98% reliability, UEMS 78–82% validity and 52–81% reliability, SCIM-III 80–97% validity and 72–99% reliability, CUE-Q 73-92% validity and 88–96% reliability, LiSAT-9 52–60% validity and 70–75% reliability. Dynamometry and trunk control were also assessed.
Scoping review of peer reviewed publications addressing rehabilitation for people sustaining traumatic spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2020
Lynn H. Gerber, Haley Bush, Xinsheng “Cindy” Cai, Leslie Morse, Lynn Worobey, Steven Garfinkel
Sixty-one instruments were used (Fig. 1). Most of the instruments were used in combination. Symptoms were measured uniquely in 8 intervention trials. Quality of life measures were always used in tandem with societal integration measures. The 10 most frequently used are bolded. However, the great majority of measures fall into 3 groups. Measures of general function, of which the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) was used 61 times,11,12 followed by Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM)13 and Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique (CHART)14 each of which were used 13 times. The utilization of FIM as an outcome measure has remained high over the past 5 years. Measures of ambulation such as the 6 and 9 min walk time, (n = 35), Timed Up and Go (TUG, n = 22).15,16