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The Sleeping Brain
Published in Hanno W. Kirk, Restoring the Brain, 2020
The oscillatory nature of circadian activity results from a transcriptional-translational molecular feedback mechanism of protein products of specific “clock genes.”5 Differences in these genes are associated with greater or lesser rates of said products, which probably account for individual predilections for being a “night owl” vs being a “lark.”
Consciousness, Sleep and Hypnosis, Meditation, and Psychoactive Drugs
Published in Mohamed Ahmed Abd El-Hay, Understanding Psychology for Medicine and Nursing, 2019
During teenage years, sleep onset becomes progressively later. Lifestyle factors and habits may fuel this tendency, however, there is evidence that most teenagers have internal clock mechanisms that predispose them to become “night owls.” This sleep pattern leads to difficulty in rising at a conventional hour for educational purposes. The increased depth of non-REM sleep in younger subjects accounts for the extreme difficulty often encountered if children need to be awakened from deep sleep in the first third of the night. Forced arousals frequently produce apparent confusion or “sleep drunkenness,” a phenomenon also frequently observed in sleep-deprived adults (Reading, 2013).
Rehabilitation and recovery
Published in Alex Jelly, Adel Helmy, Barbara A. Wilson, Life After a Rare Brain Tumour and Supplementary Motor Area Syndrome, 2019
At some point we asked if I could go home at weekends and one of the doctors offered me a deal – weekends at home in exchange for an alarm tag that would go off every time I left the ward. I agreed of course (what else could I do?) but didn’t like wearing the tag. I kept it on most weekends, thinking there was some way they could track me (!) but other times I cut it off and had to get a new wristband when I returned on a Sunday evening. Mike couldn’t come and pick me up until late morning on a Saturday as he had personal training and usually wanted to take me back by nine or ten on the Sunday. I’m lucky that he’s a night owl. Even that was pushing it from the nurses’ perspective though. We used to enter the ward, with me saying my hellos to friends among the patients and nurses and trying not to look too smug as I went into my bay and passed the other three patients (who were always glad to see me as we turned the lights off without the nurses’ permission) and kissed my beloved goodbye.
Normal lark, deviant owl: The relationship between chronotype and compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures
Published in Chronobiology International, 2022
The above-mentioned four evolutionary mismatches culminate in the incongruence between nocturnal-type and adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Indeed, there are many similarities in the profiles between evening people and non-adherents to exercise health recommendations (Varella et al. 2021), (see Table 1 of that article for a case-by-case comparison). Specifically, both night owls and non-compliant individuals tend to be males and young adults, to show high levels of extroversion and risk taking, and to have a greater prevalence of psychological distress and mental disorders. Additionally, individuals with a later chronotype report having less self-control in their behavioral style which is found to be an important trait for compliance with COVID-19 mitigation measures (Hartmann and Müller 2022; Przepiórka et al. 2019; Wolff et al. 2020). Kouchaki and Smith (2014) found that individuals were more likely to engage in moral behavior in the morning than in the afternoon because the depletion of self-control reduced people’s moral awareness, which in turn increased their likelihood of engaging in immoral behavior. Consistent with these findings, Cao and Li (2022) found that self-control ability can have powerful ramifications for public obedience to health protocols during COVID-19, such that participants with higher self-control strength levels showed more favorable attitudes toward vaccination. Thus, morning type with certain personality orientation may be more likely to endorse protective measures for COVID-19.
It’s owl time!: the relationship between chronotype and resolution of temporal ambiguity
Published in Chronobiology International, 2021
Chronotype is the behavioral reflection of underlying circadian rhythms of human temporal behavior (Aschoff et al. 1967; Roenneberg and Morse 1993). A person’s chronotype is typically characterized by the physiologic preference for the individual to conduct activities and to sleep at a particular time of the day. The chronotype generated by the natural endogenous biological clock may vary from one person to the next (Roenneberg et al. 2003). For instance, whereas some individuals (called “morning larks”) find themselves more active and alert in the morning, and prefer to go to bed early at night, others (called “night owls”) may be most creative and productive in the evening or night. In the past few decades, a sizable and continually expanding research literature has demonstrated the influence of chronotype (morning types and evening types) on health (Fabbian et al. 2016), moral behavior (Gunia et al. 2014), and academic achievement (Preckel et al. 2011).
Time preference of headache attack and chronotype in migraine and tension-type headache
Published in Chronobiology International, 2019
Hee-Jin Im, Seol-Hee Baek, Chang-Ho Yun, Min Kyung Chu
The evening type individual (i.e., “night owl”) may be prone to circadian derangement. Recent evidence has emerged indicating that individuals with a later chronotype have a greater likelihood for adverse impacts on mental and physical health, and a greater likelihood of unhealthy behaviors such as nocturnal eating, alcohol use, and smoking (Harb et al. 2012; Merikanto et al. 2013; Roenneberg et al. 2012; Wittmann et al. 2010). To the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to find evidence for the association between headache frequency and chronotype in migraine. This result emphasized a dose-dependent association between a later chronotype and a higher frequency of headache, which could be supporting evidence to highlight the negative influence of circadian disruption in daily life.