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Respiratory Disease
Published in John S. Axford, Chris A. O'Callaghan, Medicine for Finals and Beyond, 2023
Ian Pavord, Nayia Petousi, Nick Talbot
Treatment includes weight reduction and avoidance of sedatives (including alcohol). CPAP during sleep is the best treatment available. In milder forms of OSA, a jaw advancement device can be beneficial. Surgery such as tonsillectomy or orolaryngopalatoplasty is only useful in selected cases.
Sleep disorders and pregnancy
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Patients with prior history of sleep apnea or those newly diagnosed with sleep apnea should be advised to use CPAP regularly. Despite theoretical concerns regarding diminished cardiac output and placental flow, there are no reports to suggest adverse effects from CPAP to the mother or the fetus. There may, however, be difficulty in tolerating CPAP due to factors such as intolerance to pressure, nasal congestion, and stuffiness, which may decrease adherence to CPAP regimen. This may be overcome by measures such as saline nasal rinses and use of topical nasal steroids, lowering of pressure to a more tolerable level, and sleeping with the head end of bed elevated.
Types of Sleep Disturbances in Women
Published in Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman, Sleep and Women's Health, 2019
Zippi Dolev, Mordechai Zalesch, Judy Kupferman
Today, a wide variety of CPAP machines are available and can be suited to the individual, with different masks and air pressure, to facilitate maximum comfort. Instructions for treatment with CPAP is given by the physician in cases defined as medium and above in terms of their severity.
Experiences with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Among African American Patients and their Bed Partners
Published in Behavioral Sleep Medicine, 2023
Kristen A. Berg, Marquisha Marbury, Morgan A. Whaley, Adam T. Perzynski, Sanjay R. Patel, J. Daryl Thornton
Participants highlighted that the positive results from using CPAP, such as “better quality of sleep,” not snoring anymore, reduced allergies, “feeling better,” and having “a lot of energy,” were powerful motivators to continue using it. One bed partner recounted how his partner “ … used to be really, really tired, just burned out, no energy, but now that she has this machine, she said it gives her energy and it uplifts her.” Indeed, his partner recounted: It affected our sex life, because we were both just burned out, and I didn’t know why. I thought it was normal, but since we got that machine, ta-da! Everybody’s got energy again, and we’re both smiling. [ID#14, 60-y.o. female patient]
Obstructive sleep apnea: personalizing CPAP alternative therapies to individual physiology
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Brandon Nokes, Jessica Cooper, Michelle Cao
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is exceedingly common [1]. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is the gold-standard for OSA management for symptomatic individuals with severe enough disease to merit treatment, in addition to positional therapy and lifestyle modifications where applicable [2,3]. However, CPAP adherence is variable and there is currently a global CPAP shortage, expediting the need for alternative therapies for OSA [4,5]. Moreover, OSA therapies have become more varied since the pioneering work of Sullivan et al., wherein the flow on a shop vacuum was reversed creating what we now know as CPAP [6]. Indeed, innovation has continued, and it is understood that individual OSA pathophysiologic traits (endotypes) can be exploited as therapeutic options [7,8]. Here, we will review the mechanisms of sleep disordered breathing as well as how CPAP alternatives can be implemented in line with an individual patient’s physiology.
Validation of a numerical model for the mechanical behavior of a continuous positive airway pressure mask
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Francesco Genna, Nicola Francesco Lopomo, Fabio Savoldi
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) masks are adopted to treat several medical conditions including respiratory failure associated with COVID-19 infection (Nightingale et al. 2020) and obstructive sleep apnea (McEvoy et al. 2016). The standard use implies their placement over the face of the subject, tensioning and fastening a headgear around the head, and keeping the device on under air pumping through an intake tube (Kushida et al. 2006). The tension in the headgear bands, necessary both to keep the mask in position and to guarantee a good sealing so as to limit air leakage, can however be the source of possibly severe problems deriving from the long duration and the relatively high intensity of the involved forces, including device-related pressure ulcers (Gefen and Ousey 2020) and dentofacial deformities (Tsuda et al. 2010).