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Principles of treatment
Published in Caroline Overton, Colin Davis, Lindsay McMillan, Robert W Shaw, Charles Koh, An Atlas of ENDOMETRIOSIS, 2020
Caroline Overton, Colin Davis, Lindsay McMillan, Robert W Shaw, Charles Koh
Ovarian stimulation and intrauterine insemination (IUI) or superovulation and IUI aims to boost a woman’s fertility so that she produces several eggs in one month (usually three or four). It is more effective than either no treatment or IUI alone in women who have not conceived naturally and who have minimal or mild endometriosis". A live birth rate of 10–15% per treatment cycle can be expected. IUI is less expensive and less invasive than IVF or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) and should be considered initially in suitable patients. About 80% of couples who will conceive with IUI do so in the first 4–6 cycles. After three or four unsuccessful IUI treatment cycles, IVF or GIFT should be considered.
Andrological causes of recurrent implantation failure
Published in Efstratios M. Kolibianakis, Christos A. Venetis, Recurrent Implantation Failure, 2019
Chrisanthi Marakaki, Georgios A. Kanakis, Dimitrios G. Goulis
According to several studies, advanced paternal age is believed to impact reproductive and fertility outcomes, including a decrease in ART success rate and an increase in the rate of preterm birth. In particular, age of the male partner ≥35 years has been associated with decreased clinical pregnancy rates following artificial intrauterine insemination (IUI), even in the presence of normal semen analysis and favorable characteristics of the female partner.40 Similarly, a significant decline in IUI pregnancy rates per cycle in men aged ≥45 years have been reported compared to men <30 years (9.3% vs. 12.3%).41 In a prospective study, it was reported that with increasing paternal age, the live birth rate of IVF or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) decreased.42 Similarly, assessment of the outcomes of 859 conventional IVF and 1632 ICSI cycles demonstrated that from the age of 51 years, paternal age negatively affects the rates of blastocyst formation (IVF) and clinical pregnancy (ICSI).43 Moreover, a study comparing 1495 women who reported spontaneous abortion in pregnancy with 12,633 women reporting live births in their previous pregnancy found that increasing paternal age is significantly associated with spontaneous abortion, independent of maternal age and multiple other factors such as maternal diabetes, maternal smoking, social class, and education.44
Reproductive technology
Published in Frank J. Dye, Human Life Before Birth, 2019
Embryo transfer after IVF does not always result in the successful implantation of the embryo into the woman's uterus. One technique to increase the chances of implantation is to bring together the parents’ gametes in the fallopian tubes. Gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT) begins with gathering of sperm and eggs, as if in preparation for IVF. Next, first the eggs and then the sperm are loaded into a catheter (a hollow tube), which is used to transfer the gametes into the fallopian tubes. In GIFT, fertilization occurs more naturally than with IVF, and the embryo formed subsequently enters the uterus by the normal route (Figure 21.2).
The impact of emotional health on assisted reproductive technology outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Published in Human Fertility, 2022
Grace Peaston, Venkatesh Subramanian, Oliver Brunckhorst, Ippokratis Sarris, Kamran Ahmed
Original data on men, women or couples in ART treatment were included. ART was defined as extracorporeal handling of gametes or embryos to induce pregnancy. This includes IVF, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, zygote intrafallopian transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer but excludes intrauterine insemination. Procedures involving donor materials were excluded to avoid confounding due to the mental state of the donor. Studies must have measured pre-treatment emotional health through validated psychometric scales. Pre-treatment measurement avoided confounding stress from hormonal treatment or feedback on progress. Studies must have reported primary or secondary outcomes (see data items). Clinical pregnancy was defined as ultrasound-confirmed pregnancy, and chemical pregnancy as pregnancy detected through human chorionic gonadotropin measurement. Interventional studies were excluded to avoid confounding effects of treatments. Reviews, animal studies and non-English language papers were excluded.
Cigarette smoking and its toxicological overview on human male fertility—a prospective review
Published in Toxin Reviews, 2021
R. Parameswari, T. B. Sridharan
The smoker’s semen sample are less preferred for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and gamete intra fallopian transfer (GIFT) outcome, due to the abnormal sperm morphology (Klonoff-Cohen et al. 2001). Similarly, abnormal sperm head shape and sperm count were observed in animal models when exposed to tobacco smoking (Kumari 2009). Retrospective studies also show the changes in sperm quality between smokers and nonsmokers (Goverde et al. 1995).
Unilateral pleural effusion as the sole clinical presentation of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a systematic review
Published in Gynecological Endocrinology, 2018
Mohamad Irani, Alex Robles, Vinay Gunnala, Pak Chung, Zev Rosenwaks
The systematic literature search using the previously mentioned keywords identified 113 articles. Eighty-nine were excluded after extensive review (Figure 1). Thus, 24 publications met the inclusion criteria. These studies were case reports encompassing 30 patients: 25 following in vitro fertilization (IVF), three following ovulation induction with gonadotropins, and two following gamete intra-fallopian transfer (GIFT) [9–32].