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The Host Immune Response Against Parasitic Helminth Infection
Published in Peter D. Walzer, Robert M. Genta, Parasitic Infections in the Compromised Host, 2020
Autoantibodies have also been implicated as causing disease in certain helminthic infections, presumably reflecting the polyclonal B-cell activation that often accompanies these infections (17). While this immunopathological mechanism has been formally demonstrated in some of the protozoal diseases, the evidence for its existence in helminthic infections is less clear. Nevertheless, autoantibodies against nuclear material [the RNAse-resistant part of the extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), the SM antigen] were found in a vast majority of patients with chronic schistosomiasis, and much more frequently than in patients with diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis (49).
The locomotor system
Published in Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre, Handbook of Clinical Skills, 2019
Peter Kopelman, Dame Jane Dacre
Anti-nuclear antibodies These antibodies are positive in patients with connective tissue diseases. Patients with SLE may also have a high circulating level of anti-DNA or SM antibodies. Patients with other connective tissue diseases may have high levels of extractable nuclear antigens (ENA). The antibodies are helpful in predicting the pattern of involvement of the disease, and therefore the outcome.
Case 27: A Purpuric Rash
Published in Layne Kerry, Janice Rymer, 100 Diagnostic Dilemmas in Clinical Medicine, 2017
The patient should be admitted for further investigations. Blood tests should be sent to test for routine autoantibodies (anti-nuclear antibodies [ANA], anti-extractable nuclear antigen [ENA], gastric parietal cell antibodies, mitochondrial antibodies, liver-kidney microsomal antibodies and smooth muscle antibodies) as well as immunoglobulins and cryoglobulins (remember to take and deliver the sample using a warmed tube that is kept at 37°C until the blood is processed). Blood should also be tested for the presence of ANCAs, rheumatoid factor, lupus anticoagulant, anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2-glycoprotein-I.
Lichenoid lesions of the upper labial mucosa: a systematic review and a report of a new case with extensive follow-up
Published in Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 2023
In laboratory tests performed to exclude other causes for the lesions and symptoms, complete blood count, red blood cell folate, serum B12, fasting plasma glucose, and serum zinc levels were normal. A swab test for herpes simplex virus was negative. Epicutaneous test for dental materials and prick tests for various vegetables and spices was negative. Likewise, tests for serum antinuclear antibodies and serum-extractable nuclear antigen antibodies were negative. Over the course of follow-up, the patient presented slowly progressing myopathy for which no specific aetiology was found. A new biopsy of the upper labial mucosa was taken four years after the first. This specimen too was histopathologically diagnosed as representing oral lichen planus (Figure 2(C,D)). The patient continued to experience smarting, a burning sensation and pain of variable intensity in the upper lip.
The Effect of Soluble TREM-1 in Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis
Published in Immunological Investigations, 2022
Dervis Ates, Hulusi Cem Doner, Sevil Kurban, Hande Koksal
Consensus about autoimmunity and immune dysregulation-based theories are coming into prominence in the etiopathogenesis of IGM nowadays, due to the common findings with rheumatologic diseases such as arthritis and erythema nodosum in some patients with IGM, coexistence with some rheumatologic diseases such as Sjögren’s syndrome, and increasing steroid use in its treatment (Akın et al. 2017; Altintoprak et al. 2013; Collins et al. 2009; Erhan et al. 2000; Koksal et al. 2020; Kuai et al. 2009; Letourneux et al. 2013; Ozel et al., 2012; Saydam et al. 2020; Sheybani et al. 2016; Ucaryilmaz et al. 2020; Ugurlu et al. 2020; Yaghan et al. 2019; Zabetian et al., 2016). One of the first studies on autoimmunity/immune dysregulation was published by Erhan et al. (2000). In the study, the authors observed T lymphocyte predominance in granulomatous inflammation with lobules. In another study which aimed to investigate the autoimmune bases of IGM by determining the anti-nuclear antibodies and the extractable nuclear antigens levels in patients with IGM, autoimmunity was not supported. However, the important limitation of this study is the small number of patients (Altintoprak et al. 2013). In our previous study (Koksal et al. 2020) and another study by Saydam et al. (2020), cytokines were investigated in patients with IGM. These two studies suggest immune dysregulation in the etiopathogenesis of IGM.
New Findings on Autoimmune Etiology of Idiopathic Granulomatous Mastitis: Serum IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 Levels of Patients
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2021
Mehmet Saydam, Kerim Bora Yilmaz, Mutlu Sahin, Hamdullah Yanik, Melih Akinci, Ibrahim Yilmaz, Sener Balas, Cem Azili, Mehmet Ali Gulcelik
The classic serological tests used in autoimmune diseases may give different results in IGM patients. Ozel et al. found rheumatoid factor (RF) serological tests to be positive in 6 patients, and anti-nuclear antibody (ANA) and anti-double stranded DNA antibodies positive in 2 patients in their study conducted with 8 IGM patients [18]. In another study by Asoglu et al. none of the 18 patients diagnosed with IGM were ANA- or RF-positive [19]. Altintoprak et al. determined that the role of autoimmune factors in the etiology of IGM, such as dominant ANA and the presence of an extractable nuclear antigen, could not be identified in their study on the presence of definite autoantibodies associated with autoimmunity in patients with IGM [12]. In addition, the association between serum IL-33 and IGM could not be shown statistically in a study conducted by Yigitbasi et al [20].