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Cervical Dysplasia
Published in Charles Theisler, Adjuvant Medical Care, 2023
The presence of abnormal or precancerous cells on the surface of the uterine cervix is cervical dysplasia and yields a risk of cervical cancer. Cervical dysplasia can range from mild to severe, depending on the histological appearance of the abnormal cells. Cervical dysplasia is most often asymptomatic. Most women with low grade (mild) dysplasia (LGSIL or CIN1) will undergo spontaneous regression without treatment, so monitoring is indicated.1 Surgical treatment is appropriate for women with high-grade cervical dysplasia.1
Acquired Laryngotracheal Disease
Published in Raymond W Clarke, Diseases of the Ear, Nose & Throat in Children, 2023
Vaccination of adolescent girls and, in many countries, boys as well has begun to reduce the prevalence of genital HPV, with an expected reduction in the incidence of both JORRP and carcinoma of the uterine cervix in women already apparent in many countries.
Cervical insufficiency
Published in Hung N. Winn, Frank A. Chervenak, Roberto Romero, Clinical Maternal-Fetal Medicine Online, 2021
Sonia S. Hassan, Roberto Romero, Francesca Gotsch, Lorraine Nikita, Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
The uterine cervix is essentially a connective tissue organ. Smooth muscle accounts for <8% of the distal part of the cervix (4). Cervical competency, defined as the ability of the cervix to retain the conceptus during pregnancy, is unlikely to depend upon a traditional muscular sphincteric mechanism. Experiments in which strips of human cervix have been incubated with vasopressin (a hormone that induces smooth muscle contractility) indicate that the contractile response of the cervix is substantially lower than that of the tissue obtained from the isthmus of the uterine fundus (5). It is now well established that the normal function of the cervix during pregnancy depends upon collagen synthesis and extracellular matrix.
Survival outcomes and prognostic factors of papillary serous adenocarcinoma and papillary squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2022
Wei Zhang, YuTao Gao, WenQue Zhang, ZhiHong Lin, HaiYan Bi, LiBo Zhu
Papillary serous adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (PSAC) is a very rare subtype of cervical carcinomas which has a similar histologic appearance to papillary serous adenocarcinoma occurring at the ovary, fallopian tube and endometrium (Shintaku and Ueda 1993; Batistatou et al. 2000). Zhou et al. (1998) have reported 9 (3.4%) pure or mixed PSAC in 264 cases of invasive adenocarcinoma of the cervix. Papillary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is also a very rare subtype of squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. The incidence of PSCC has been reported to be 1.6% of cervical carcinomas (Randall et al. 1986). It was shown that the 5-year overall survival rate and 3-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) of PSAC was 62 and 74%, respectively (Togami et al. 2012). Due to the rarity, the incidence has not been established and accurate survival rates of PSAC and PSCC cannot be estimated.
Jab1 Inhibition by Methanolic Extract of Moringa Oleifera Leaves in Cervical Cancer Cells: A Potent Targeted Therapeutic Approach
Published in Nutrition and Cancer, 2021
Plant derived or natural compounds have made a remarkable place in drug development research in both Indian and global medicinal system for the treatment of various diseases (5–7). Moreover, isolation and characterization of numerous active components obtained from extraction of different plant parts has drawn a wider attention by researchers and scientists. Moringa oleifera or drumstick tree, is naturally found both globally and nationwide. Different parts of Moringa plants have been utilized as health food globally because of its high nutritional content (8). In India, Moringa plants have been widely used in both unani and ayurvedic form of treatment in numerous diseases including inflammatory, neurodegenerative and cancer (9,10). Therefore, this research study was aligned toward exploiting the inhibitory potential of leaf extract of Moringa oleifera plants against Jab1 biomarker which has played a crucial role in the progression and pathogenesis of cervical cancer. Uterine cervix cancer is 2nd most common cancer in females worldwide (11). Lack of effective treatment and screening strategies is a crucial factor for higher cervical cancer patients in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Several other barriers are also responsible for this sharp increase in patient number such as lack of awareness and high costs associated with the screening of disease. Thus, the present scenario demands an alternative, safe and cost effective drug, which may be either used in combination with other drugs or independently for uterine cervical cancer.
Distribution of uterocervical angles in the second trimester of pregnant women at low risk for preterm delivery
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2021
Rapphon Sawaddisan, Ounjai Kor-Anantakul, Ninlapa Pruksanusak, Alan Geater
The main functions of the uterine cervix are maintaining pregnancy to term and then softening, shortening and dilating in order to allow delivery at the proper time (Myers et al. 2015). The structural strength of the cervix and external loading such as intrauterine pressure and tensile stresses along the uterine wall have opposite affects to the cervical remodelling during pregnancy (House and Socrate 2006). Variations of the cervical geometry such as the cervical orientation and the asymmetry of the cervical canal and the uterus result in altered strain directions to the lower uterine segment and internal cervical os which is where cervical dilatation begins (Zilianti et al. 1995; Fernandez et al. 2016). Some obstetricians have theorised that cervical inclination after Arabin pessary placement leads to shifting of the direct uterine pressure away from the internal cervical os and can lower the risk of sPTB (Arabin and Alfirevic 2013). An observational study by Cannie et al. (2013) found that the angle between the uterine body and cervix tends to be more acute after Arabin pessary placement. Recently, the UCA has been proposed as an additional screening tool for sPTB, as the more obtuse the angle, the easier it is for the cervix to open from the gravid uterine force (Sochacki-Wójcicka et al. 2015; Dziadosz et al. 2016; Knight et al. 2017; Lynch et al. 2017; Sepúlveda-Martínez et al. 2017; Farràs-Llobet et al. 2018). Studies by Dziadosz et al. (2016) and Knight et al. (2017) found that adding UCA to cervical length (CL) screening yielded stronger sPTB predictions.