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Being a ‘good’ parent: single women reflecting upon ‘selfishness’ and ‘risk’ when pursuing motherhood through sperm donation
Published in Zeynep B. Gürtin, Charlotte Faircloth, Conceiving Contemporary Parenthood, 2020
In their decisions regarding solo motherhood the participants seemed to be engaging in a process of ‘risk management’, or ‘damage limitation’: they did not see solo motherhood as an ideal scenario but with a mismatch of their ideals versus realities of family building they were trying to make solo motherhood as ‘good as it can be’ for their future child. Using sperm from identity-release donors in their treatment was one such ‘damage limitation’. If having fertility treatment at a UK clinic the use of identity-release sperm donors was mandatory. However, if seeking treatment abroad the participants also had the option of using anonymously donated sperm: their child would never know more about their donor than the information included on his donor profile. The vast majority of participants felt identity-release sperm donation was preferable to anonymous donation: they believed that a child may be curious about their donor and should have the option of accessing identifying information and making contact with him at a later date (Graham 2014). The majority of participants felt that it was their child's ‘right’ to know this information: It has to be an open donor. That is absolutely key. My child has the right to know where they come from and I couldn't do it if that was not the case. The biggest factor for me is I'm going to be able to answer my child's questions. That whole thing about identity. That's been the biggest challenge. (Vicky, 37 years old)
Sperm donation and recurrent implantation failure
Published in Efstratios M. Kolibianakis, Christos A. Venetis, Recurrent Implantation Failure, 2019
Christos P. Tsametis, Dimitrios G. Goulis
Sperm donation refers to the provision by a male (donor) of his sperm (donor sperm), which has been manipulated outside the human body with the purpose of achieving a pregnancy in a female who is not his sexual partner. The donor, typically, intends to have no legal relationship to any resulting offspring.1 The sperm may be donated privately and directly to the recipient or through a sperm bank or fertility clinic. Donor sperm is commonly used in artificial insemination, which refers to the introduction of sperm into the vagina (intravaginal insemination), uterus (intracervical or intrauterine insemination), or oviduct by a means other than sexual intercourse. Artificial insemination using sperm from a male other than the patient's partner is called therapeutic donor insemination (TDI). Less commonly, donor sperm may be used in in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) procedures, especially in women who are not good candidates for TDI, such as those with subfertility due to tubal disorder, uterine malformation, active pelvic infection, or uncorrected anovulation.2
Global perspectives on reproductive medicine
Published in David J Cahill, Practical Patient Management in Reproductive Medicine, 2019
There is little in Hindu thought that disagrees with most practices in assisted conception. The classical Hindu position has over the centuries been influenced from outside, and may be considered to be more flexible as a result. Positions on details of assisted reproduction are flexible and open to debate, allowing for a greater breadth of acceptance of any technique within Hinduism. Ideally, the oocytes and sperm used in treatment should be from the married couple themselves. Sperm donation is acceptable, particularly if the donor is a close relative to the infertile man in the relationship (12). In summary, a couple from the Hindu tradition seeking fertility assistance will not usually be in conflict with any set restrictions on assisted conception by their culture. While fertility is highly regarded, there is an understanding that some aspects of life are not under the control of science and the individual.
Does egg-sharing negatively impact on the chance of the donor or recipient achieving a live birth?
Published in Human Fertility, 2023
Timothy Bracewell-Milnes, Aleena Hossain, Benjamin P. Jones, Raef Faris, Jaya Parikh, James Nicopoullos, Mark Johnson, Meen-Yau Thum
The demand for donor eggs has been rising globally, with a 49% increase in DEPS cycles since 2011 in the UK (HFEA, 2018); however the annual numbers of newly registered oocyte donors has plateaued and remained stable at 1,600 (HFEA, 2019b). In contrast to the straight-forward process of sperm donation, egg donation involves high dose ovarian stimulation and invasive procedures, such as transvaginal oocyte retrieval under sedation, or general anaesthesia. Additionally, the donor must endure the inconvenience of multiple appointments at the fertility clinic to plan the IVF cycle, ultrasound scans and counselling sessions, resulting in missing work and significant travel time. Understandably, few women are willing to donate their eggs on a purely altruistic basis, and therefore supply is falling short of demand in many countries worldwide, including the UK (Dyer, 2011). This has resulted in long waiting lists and limited choices, especially among ethnic groups seeking egg donation (Brulliard, 2006). This has driven some patients abroad to destinations where donor eggs are more readily available, but where regulations may be less strict (Culley et al., 2011), a process known as cross-border reproductive care (CBRC). Identifying this, the HFEA implemented changes aimed at improving the numbers of new donors registering and maximising the use of their gametes (BIONEWS, 2011). A significant change was providing £750 as a compensatory payment per cycle, replacing the previous payment of £250 (Bracewell-Milnes et al., 2018).
Relationships among lesbians involved in childbirth/parenting, sperm donors, and children in Japan
Published in Journal of Lesbian Studies, 2021
A matching event is an event organized by Rainbow Family Association that brings together sexual minorities who are interested in having and raising children. Some events are held solely for the purpose of seeking encounters between sperm donors and recipients, while other events are for those who are thinking about raising children and want to interact with lesbians and gays who are involved in childbirth and parenting. Sperm donation is sometimes discussed during events. At such an event, discussions are held not only on how gay men donate sperm unilaterally, but also on how donors want to establish relationships with lesbians and their children after sperm donation. At that time, participants are asked to consider how to give birth and raise children based on the “self-checklist” created by Rainbow Family Association. There are 20 items on this list, and potential recipients will consider whom to request donation and source of donation, what to do with the acknowledgment of the child, and whether there are people around who can help raise the child. This event is held several times a year in multiple cities.
Why search for a sperm donor online? The experiences of women searching for and contacting sperm donors on the internet
Published in Human Fertility, 2018
Vasanti Jadva, Tabitha Freeman, Erika Tranfield, Susan Golombok
There has been a rise in the number of websites that facilitate contact between recipients of sperm and sperm donors, yet there are no clear estimates of how large the online sperm donation market is in the UK and abroad. This increase may be related to changes in legislation in some countries that replaces donor anonymity with identity release donors (where the donor’s identity can be disclosed to the child in the future, usually at age 18 years) (Bossema et al., 2014; Woestenburg, Winter, & Janssens, 2015). The popularity of seeking a sperm donor online may result from recipients wanting to know the donor from the outset rather than waiting to discover his identity when their child reaches age 18 years (Freeman, Appleby, & Jadva, 2012). Whilst clinics provide a regulated route to sperm donation and have advantages in that recipients avoid several practical, medical and legal hurdles that can occur when accessing sperm in an informal way (Nordqvist, 2010), women who find their own sperm donors are able to meet him, have more information about him and negotiate the level of involvement he would have with the resultant child (Almack, 2006; Nordqvist, 2010).