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The urinary and reproductive systems and the external genitalia
Published in Frank J. Dye, Human Life Before Birth, 2019
The first of the three nephroi to arise is the pronephros, located farthest toward the cephalic end of the embryo. A series of tubes arises at the levels of the cephalic-most somites, from intermediate mesoderm, on each side of the body. One pair of pronephric tubules forms per pair of somites (Figure 18.1). The ends of these tubules initially grow dorsad (upward) and then bend caudad (backward). The tubules on each side then join to form the paired pronephric ducts. The pronephric ducts grow toward the caudal end of the embryo (beyond the level of the pronephric tubules) (see Figure 18.1), but the pronephric tubules degenerate shortly after they appear.
Normal fetal development and growth
Published in Louise C Kenny, Jenny E Myers, Obstetrics, 2017
Each pronephric duct grows towards the tail of the embryo. As it does so it induces intermediate mesoderm in the thoracolumbar area to become epithelial tubules called mesonephric tubules. The pronephros degenerates while the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct extends towards the most caudal end of the embryo, ultimately attaching to the cloaca.
Immunohistochemical Panels to Evaluate Important Immunophenotypes of Human Mesonephros
Published in Fetal and Pediatric Pathology, 2023
Ping L. Zhang, Jacqueline K. Macknis
The main goals of our current study were to determine whether glomerular and tubular structures of mesonephros express similar protein markers to those in early metanephros. We selected the following key markers, known to be related to the development of metanephros, for evaluating the mesonephros in this study. PAX8 is involved in intermediate mesoderm transition and pronephric duct formation and is positive in parietal epithelial cells and at all levels of renal tubules [20,21]. GATA3 is another marker mainly involving in the development of the ureteric bud and its differentiation, and is also expressed in mesangial cells from the metanephric stromal progenitor cells [22,23]. AMACR was selected to confirm proximal tubules of mesonephros, as this marker is commonly used for identifying lesions associated with the proximal tubules [24]. In addition to routine hematoxylin and eosin staining, conventional PAS was utilized to detect the brush borders of proximal tubules and glomerular basement membranes (GBM) in mesonephros.