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Ovarian cyst and tumors
Published in Mark Davenport, James D. Geiger, Nigel J. Hall, Steven S. Rothenberg, Operative Pediatric Surgery, 2020
Bryan J. Dicken, Deborah F. Billmire
With large tumors, the leaves of the mesovarium are widely splayed and the Fallopian tube may be draped over the mass. The peritoneum of the mesovarium is incised in an avascular plane between the tube and ovary with cautery dissection. This maneuver will expose the vascular pedicle of the ovary. If the tumor is large, the venous plexus is often engorged and the pedicle may need to be taken in stepwise fashion with pairs of clamps, division of the tissue, and ligation. The assistant should maintain manual compression of the pedicle as the dissection proceeds (Figure 81.7). If the tube is adherent, it may be taken in continuity with the ovary. Caution should be taken to clearly identify the ureter before proceeding with division of the mesosalpinx.
Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
Hajra Takala, Mona Omar, Ayman Al-Hendy
The ovaries are ovoid nonfixed organs that are located within the broad ligament on either side (lateral) of the uterus. This position is maintained by the infundibulopelvic ligaments, also called suspensory ligaments (a fold of peritoneum extending from the mesovarium to the pelvic wall), of the ovary, which suspend the ovary superolateral to the lateral pelvic wall. A mesovarium is a fold of the peritoneum, continuous with the outer surface of the ovaries. The suspensory ligament of the ovary contains the ovarian artery, ovarian vein, ovarian nerve plexus, and lymphatic vessels. The other side (medial pole) of the ovary is supported and connected to the uterus by the utero-ovarian (UO) ligament, also known as the ovarian ligament or the proper ovarian ligament [1–3].
Reproduction
Published in Frank J. Dye, Human Life Before Birth, 2019
The paired female gonads, the ovaries, are found in the pelvic cavity, which is the posteriormost portion of the abdominal cavity. Like most mammals (but unlike some other vertebrates), humans have a compact ovary. The ovaries are suspended in the pelvic cavity by a membrane called the mesovarium. Just inside the mesovarium is the cortex of the ovary, in which are found the germ cells. Inside the cortex is the medulla of the ovary, which contains a variety of housekeeping tissues such as blood vessels, connective tissue, and lymphatic vessels. The bulk of the ovary is composed of somatic cells, which support the development of eggs. Some somatic cells are endocrine cells that secrete the ovarian steroid hormones, estrogen and progesterone. Approximately once a month—by a process called ovulation—an egg is released from the surface of the ovary into the pelvic cavity. From here, the egg must enter the ducts of the female reproductive system (Figure 5.7).
The effect of shock waves on mineralization and regeneration of distraction zone in osteoporotic rabbits
Published in Annals of Medicine, 2023
Enes Özkan, Erman Şenel, Mehmet Cihan Bereket, Mehmet Emin Önger
The animals to be operated on were not fed the previous day. Each animal was administered 50 mg/kg ketamine HCL and 8 mg/kg xylazine HCL intramuscularly for general anaesthesia. Before the procedure, cefazolin sodium 50 mg/kg for prophylaxis and tramadol 1 mg/kg for analgesia were given by intramuscular injection. After shaving the abdomen of the anaesthetized animals, they were wiped with a povidone-iodine solution providing antisepsis in the surgical area. In the experimental groups which were to have an ovariectomy, the abdominal cavity was opened with a 4 cm laparotomy incision on the midline of the abdomen. After reaching the ovaries, the mesovarium and fallopian tube were ligated and the ovarian tissues on both sides were excised. In the subjects in the Cont group, the ovarian tissues were accessed after the abdominal cavity was opened similarly but were left in situ without being excised. All animals abdominal wall, subcutaneous, and skin tissues were sutured in layers and then closed. The procedure was concluded by applying antiseptic and antibiotic wound pomade, nitrofurazone 0.2%. After surgery, animals were placed in cages and intramuscular injections of cefazolin sodium 50 mg/kg and tramadol HCl 1 mg/kg were administered for three days in the postoperative period to prevent infection and provide analgesia. A period of 12 weeks were waited for the development of osteoporosis (Figure 1).
Creation of a Continent Urinary Bladder Reservoir Vascularized by Omentum as a Possible Surgical Option for Canine Trigonal/Urethral Urothelial Carcinoma
Published in Journal of Investigative Surgery, 2022
Annemarieke de Vlaming, Kyle G. Mathews, Jonathan A. Hash, Erin K. Keenihan, Samantha Sommer, Luke Borst, Shelly L. Vaden
During the second surgery a neoreservoir with cystostomy tube was successfully created in all 3 dogs. Gross assessment during surgery revealed omental adhesions circumferentially on the bladder in all dogs. The ureters were difficult to visualize due to the omentalization in two dogs but palpated as mildly to moderately dilated in both with no other remarkable findings. The third dog’s (C2) ureters were more easily visualized despite omentalization. The right ureter was moderately distended with a notable narrowing/kinking of the ureter approximately 2 cm proximal to the ureteral insertion. This kinking was caused by an adhesion from the right uterine horn and the associated mesovarium causing a focal constriction of the ureter. The uterus and associated adhesion were dissected away from the ureter. The left ureter in this dog was mildly to moderately dilated but otherwise unremarkable. The bladder walls from all 3 dogs had active bleeding from all layers during the second surgery.
Incidental finding of spontaneous salpingo-oophorectomy at diagnostic laparoscopy: a case report
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2019
Monica Krishnan, Mostafa Metwally
Ovarian torsion is defined as the partial or the complete rotation of a vascular pedicle of the ovary, causing obstruction to the arterial inflow and venous outflow (Acimi 2016). The exact mechanism of ovarian torsion is unknown. Theories of torsion in normal adnexa include possibilities of excessive adnexal mobility due to abnormally long fallopian tube, mesosalpinx or mesovarium, adnexal venous congestion, and jarring body movements (Raicevic and Saxena 2017). In the presence of an ovarian cyst, risk is increased especially if >5 cm in size (Abbas et al. 2017). Benign pathology is mostly associated with ovarian torsion. Right ovarian torsion tends to occur more commonly than left, possibly due to sigmoid being present on left and right ligament of ovary being longer.