China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hypocrisy, Consistency and Opponents of Abortion
Published in Nicholas Colgrove, Bruce P. Blackshaw, Daniel Rodger, Agency, Pregnancy and Persons, 2023
Bruce P. Blackshaw, Nicholas Colgrove, Daniel Rodger
Framing Lovering’s argument using our structure yields the following:Were opponents of abortion consistent, they would adopt at least one frozen embryo.Opponents of abortion fail to adopt at least one frozen embryo.Therefore, opponents of abortion are inconsistent.The OBO considers if there are other beliefs that opponents of abortion hold that block the inference in the first premise. There are numerous possibilities. For example, a common belief among Catholics is that embryo adoption is a morally impermissible method of saving embryos. Nicholas Tonti-Filippini argues that impregnation of adopted embryos is a violation of bodily integrity, as it uses “her as an object, because it lacks the meaning and character of marriage that dignifies being impregnated” (2003, p. 132). Clearly, opponents of abortion who share the belief that embryo adoption is a morally impermissible means of saving embryos are being consistent with their beliefs by not adopting one.
A Brief History of Nutritional Medicine and the Emergence of Nutrition as a Medical Subspecialty
Published in Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson, Optimizing Metabolic Status for the Hospitalized Patient, 2023
Michael M. Rothkopf, Jennifer C. Johnson
There are few mistakes in medical history more egregious than the ancient practice of bloodletting. Yet, the Hippocratic and Galenic teachings on this subject dominated medical practice well into the 19th century. A lack of blood and the loss of color in red cells were known as “virgin’s disease” because of monthly blood loss. The treatment was impregnation to prevent menstruation. It was also called chlorosis because of the pale skin of the afflicted.
Ectopic Pregnancy: Extrauterine Pregnancy and Pregnancy of Unknown Location
Published in Botros Rizk, A. Mostafa Borahay, Abdel Maguid Ramzy, Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Gynecologic Emergencies, 2020
The oocyte and the sperm usually meet in the ampullary portion of the tube, where impregnation takes place. The growing morula is transported by cilia activity toward the uterine cavity while differentiating into the embryoblast and the trophoblast. The trophoblast grows invasively into maternal tissue, and implantation in the uterine cavity usually takes place on day 6 or 7 after conception. Specialized enzymes are found in the area of implantation. The trophoblast cannot differentiate between intrauterine and extrauterine location. Thus, the same process of implantation occurs at any site. The changes that occur in the beginning of an EP are the same as those in an IUP. The patient is amenorrhoeic, the hormone balance changes, and biochemical pregnancy tests are positive. However, the patient has no further symptoms. For some time, the pregnancy progresses quite normally. It then culminates in an abortion in the tube, and the trophoblast dissolves from the tube wall. The abortion is mainly induced by an insufficient supply of blood and nutrients. Bleeding occurs at the site of implantation. The bleeding may cause a hematosalpinx and free fluid in the abdominal cavity. By tube contractions, the aborted tissue can be delivered into the uterine cavity as well as the abdominal cavity. The abortion causes hormone levels to fall. The battered decidua is seen as extrauterine spotting or vaginal bleeding.
Nanocoating and biological evaluation of clindamycin- and rifampicin-loaded nanospheres impregnated silicone tube for antibacterial application
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2022
Watunyu Thanongsak, Atthaporn Boongird, Norased Nasongkla
To reduce shunt infection rate, an antibacterial shunt was developed to treat the shunt infection (Bayston et al. 2009). Examples of antibiotic combinations used for impregnating shunt catheter are rifampicin and clindamycin; or rifampicin and diethanolamine fusidate. Antibiotic combinations are used to prevent bacterial film formation that leads to serious injury (Bayston et al. 1989). A swelling method was commonly used to impregnate the antibiotics in swollen silicone matrix (Rushton et al. 1989). Antibiotics were gradually released from the polymeric matrix to mitigate biofilm formation. A study by Watanakunakorn suggested a synergistic ratio of clindamycin and rifampicin at 4:0.5. This ratio was capable of reducing the bacteria colonies better than each of both clindamycin and rifampicin (Watanakunakorn 1985). Moreover, Gutiérrez-González et al. reported that the impregnation of rifampicin and clindamycin in medical devices helped to reduce risk of infections (Gutiérrez-González et al. 2010).
3D printing in the design of pharmaceutical dosage forms
Published in Pharmaceutical Development and Technology, 2019
E. B. Souto, J. C. Campos, S. C. Filho, M. C. Teixeira, C. Martins-Gomes, A. Zielinska, C. Carbone, A. M. Silva
For pharmaceutical application, the selected filaments must either be impregnated with API or reprocessed by Hot Melt Extrusion (HME) to incorporate it. In any case, the higher the concentration of API, the higher the influence on the rheological properties of the filaments which may compromise the quality of the extrusion process (Jonathan and Karim 2016). This requirement for upstream processing alongside with its slow printing speed and the need for heating the filaments are the most critical factors of this technology, contributing for the success of the extrusion. While impregnation does not require for APIs to be exposed to the high temperatures necessary for the reprocessing of these filaments, it often uses organic solvents which may be toxic and difficult to remove. Besides, yields of drug loading in impregnation processes are usually low (usually around 1–2% w/w), limiting this process to low-dosage forms. Its advantages in comparison to other printing systems include the wider range of starting-materials available for use in extrusion methods, its simplicity and versatility and the low cost of the equipment needed (Norman et al. 2016).
A Critique of Queer Phenomenology: Gender and the Sexual
Published in Studies in Gender and Sexuality, 2019
To speak of the child in the presence of the adult, receiving messages in need of translation, is to put gender—in the gender, sex, le sexual order—first. This, for Laplanche, “implies the primacy of the sexuated ‘foundation’” (Laplanche, 2007, p. 212). The “biological sex” is not perceived or experienced by the child in the first months. For Laplanche, “Gender comes first in time and awareness, and it begins to be stabilized toward the end of the first year” (Laplanche, 2007, p. 213). Gender as an assignment is a social construction for Laplanche but in an entirely different sense from Ahmed. His theory of gender assignment does not entail a simple separation of biology and society (sex is biological and gender is social). As he claims in “Gender, Sex, and the Sexual,” gender “is neither a hypothetical cerebral impregnation, which would be a hormonal impregnation nor an imprint in Stoller’s sense, nor a habit” (Laplanche, 2007, p. 213, italics in original). Laplanche calls these notions of gender ipsocentric—“centered on the single individual” (Laplanche, 2007, p. 213). Thus, he argues, the key term for an understanding of gender is assignment because assignment “emphasizes the primacy of the other” (Laplanche, 2007, p. 213). In other words, the social construction of gender denotes the process by which gender is assigned—but not determined—by adult others in a process of enigmatic messages and their translation.