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Introduction
Published in Charles Paul Lambert, Physiology and Nutrition for Amateur Wrestling, 2020
The duration of an amateur wrestling match is usually 6–7 minutes long (Figure 1.1). As such, a match is performed at approximately 95%–100% of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) (Gleeson, Greenhaff, and Maughan 1988; Katz et al. 1986). The duration and intensity (intermittently above 100% of VO2max; i.e., scrambles, throws, and lifts) of a match dictate that both anaerobic and aerobic sources of energy are utilized. Thus, a wrestler should train both anaerobically and aerobically. This is because of the SAID principle. The SAID principle stands for Specific Adaptations to Imposed Demands, which means you get what you train for. If you train for strength you will achieve strength, and if you train for muscular endurance you will achieve muscular endurance. The philosophy behind this book is that if you want the highest possible sustained power output of 6–7 minutes, you must be able to generate very high instantaneous power outputs whenever the opportunity arises in a match or when the wrestler makes the opportunity for that very high instantaneous power output to happen. Therefore, you have to develop the function (physiology) of the body to both maintain very high sustained power outputs and develop the body to generate very high instantaneous power outputs. An additional component of wrestling success is flexibility or joint range of motion. Likewise, you have to eat (nutrition) to maintain high power outputs for 6–7 minutes (possibly many times in one day and/or multiple days) and also generate high instantaneous power outputs. In essence, you need to train and eat for both high force-generating capacity for the full 6–7 minutes (possibly multiple times a day) and to train and eat so that you can generate very high forces within 1–2 seconds. When sustained for only 30 seconds, this sustained power output is called “Anaerobic Capacity” (i.e., obtained from a Wingate 30-second cycle ergometer test). We will call this 6–7-minute sustained power output “Entire Match Wrestling Power Output” (Figure 1.2).
The effects of high-intensity interval training on athletic performance measures: a systematic review
Published in Physical Therapy Reviews, 2018
Joe Girard, Brian Feng, Chris Chapman
In light of specificity training theory and the SAID principle (specific adaptions to imposed demands) [2,32,33], it is reasonable that sports-specific HIIT methods could influence related performance measures. Sports specificity training trains the neuromuscular system in a manner consistent with the functional demands of the chosen sport. Therefore, muscle fiber bias, neurophysiological activation patterns, and general musculoskeletal stress are consistent with the specific athletic endeavor [2,32,33]. Therefore, an exercise method that utilizes components of a specific sport will activate similar musculoskeletal and neurophysiological patterns demanded by the sport and potentially lead to increases in athletic performance measures. HIIT as a method easily conforms to specificity theory and application. Because HIIT is based on time and intensity, components of sports are easily convertible to an HIIT method as long as appropriate dosage of time and intensity are maintained. This gives coaches, physical therapists, and athletic trainers great flexibility in creating effective training.