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Hypertension
Published in Gia Merlo, Kathy Berra, Lifestyle Nursing, 2023
Matthew Petersen, Steven Brady, Eileen M. Handberg, Monica Aggarwal
In addition to routine aerobic exercise, the AHA also recommends moderate- to high-intensity muscle-strengthening activity, such as resistance training or weight training, at least two days per week (AHA, 2018). Resistance training is activity in which muscles contract against an opposing resistant force with the goal of increasing muscular strength, power, and/or endurance (Cornelissen & Smart, 2013). While the degree of BP reduction with cardiopulmonary exercise is greater when compared with that of resistance training alone in hypertensive individuals, there remains a role for resistance training in both treatment and prevention of hypertension (Kelley & Kelley, 2000; Wallace, 2003; Whelton et al., 2002). A meta-analysis of RCTs reviewing the effect of resistance exercise on BP in both hypertensive and non-hypertensive participants demonstrated a mean decrease in both SBP and DBP of −3±3 mmHg and −3±2 mmHg, respectively (Kelley & Kelley, 2000).
Athlete Monitoring
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Resistance training provides many relatively easily measured dosage variables. The type of exercise, number of repetitions, resistance used, percentage of 1RM, speed of the movement, range of motion of the movement, number of sets, rest period between sets, body positions, order of exercise, time of day, preceding exercise characteristics, activities during rest, and many other variables can be assessed and recorded (13, 39). All of these variables have some impact on the character of the athlete’s training and ultimately on the character of the athlete’s response to training. Resistance training has traditionally monitored the number of sets, repetitions, weight lifted, percentage of 1RM, and duration of rest periods between sets. However, we now know that these variables, while important, are often not sufficient to fully characterize athlete training (17). Power monitoring, rate of force development, speed of movement, and even the shape of the force-time curve of an explosive effort can be used to characterize and monitor resistance training.
Prevention and Treatment of Secondary Lymphedema of Extremities, Early Diagnosis of Lymphostasis, and Postsurgical Prevention and Conservative Treatment of Lymphedema
Published in Paloma Tejero, Hernán Pinto, Aesthetic Treatments for the Oncology Patient, 2020
The prevention-related aspect due to physical exercise is particularly interesting. In the review by McNeely et al. [21], early postoperative exercise is claimed to help prevent lymphedema, as long as it is carefully performed by a specialized professional, and to benefit the functionality of the shoulder joint in women after breast cancer, helping to prevent axillary retraction, cording (superficial lymphatic thrombosis or axillary web syndrome), decreased muscle strength and other factors/complications that can develop the appearance of lymphedema. Furthermore, early supervised exercise, as well as progressive resistance training, does not increase the risk of lymphedema in any case, but can even prevent it and improve patients’ quality of life [22]. Even if resistance training is of moderate intensity, not only is it safe, but it has a beneficial impact on body composition, bone health, muscle strength, physical function, and quality of life [23]. According to the systematic review by Baumann et al. [24], progressive strength training, together with dynamic exercises (physical therapy), is safe and helps prevent or even decrease lymphedema if it already exists.
The effects of spinal stabilization exercises in patients with myasthenia gravis: a randomized crossover study
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2022
Ali Naim Ceren, Yeliz Salcı, Ayla Fil Balkan, Ebru Çalık Kütükçü, Kadriye Armutlu, Sevim Erdem Özdamar
Each SSE session lasted 1 h. First, activation of transversus abdominus and multifidus muscles were pointed out. Accordingly, the patients were placed in the supine hook lying position where they could feel the transversus abdominus activation easily and could palpate with their hands. The patients were taught how to contract these muscles in this position, and they were told not to hold their breath during exercises [20]. After that, while maintaining the contraction of the transversus abdominus and multifidus muscles, the patients were given exercises including the other muscles of the body. These exercises were progressed from easy to difficult exercises. During the exercises, the activation of the spinal stabilizer muscles of the patients was constantly monitored and necessary warnings were given. During the activation of the relevant muscles, the patients were asked to exhale and thus the diaphragm was activated effectively. Exercises were started with eight to 10 repetitions and it was aimed to reach 20 repetitions by increasing the number of repetitions. The next stage was started in the exercises which the patients could do 20 repetitions effectively. In later stages, resistance training was performed using exercise bands suitable for the muscle strength of the patients. In addition, exercise balls were used in the later stages of the exercises. During exercise session, rest breaks were given considering the fatigue levels of the patients.
Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Responses to Combined Exercise Sessions of Different Intensities in Individuals with Cardiovascular Risk Factors
Published in Clinical and Experimental Hypertension, 2022
Mabel Diesel, Isabel Heberle, Gabriel Juchem, Guilherme Tadeu de Barcelos, Juliana Cavestré Coneglian, Aline Mendes Gerage, Rodrigo Sudatti Delevatti
Another point to be taken into consideration is the safety of a training program, especially for individuals with cardiovascular risk factors. Current evidence indicates that resistance training is safe for older adults who are healthy, frail, or those with multiple chronic disease (29), particularly if sessions are not performed with repetitions to concentric failure (16). Ferrari et al. (17) demonstrated that strength training sessions using only body weight and with sets of 30 seconds of stimulus are safe, as they do not cause large increases in BP during the sets. Besides, as has been noted, most studies with combined training has been used expensive equipment, making their recommendations more difficult to apply in resource-poor environments and amongst a large majority of the population, which strengthens the practical application of our findings.
Resistance training using different elastic components offers similar gains on muscle strength to weight machine equipment in Individuals with COPD: A randomized controlled trial
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Ana Paula Coelho Figueira Freire, Carlos Augusto Marçal Camillo, Bruna Spolador de Alencar Silva, Juliana Souza Uzeloto, Fabiano Francisco de Lima, Luis Alberto Gobbo, Dionei Ramos, Ercy Mara Cipulo Ramos
Conventionally, resistance training is delivered using weight machines or free weights (e.g. dumbbells and ankle weights) or using elastic components (e.g. elastic tubes and elastic bands) (Andersen et al., 2010; Andersen, Vinstrup, Jakobsen, and Sundstrup, 2017; Ramos et al., 2014; Ricci-Vitor et al., 2013). Elastic components may be used in individuals with COPD as an alternative to weight machine equipment since the costs of the material are lower and less physical space is a requirement. These advantages may facilitate implementation and accessibility to places such as the home environment (Nyberg, Lindstrom, Rickenlund, and Wadell, 2015; Ramos et al., 2014). This is particularly appealing as elastic components may be an option for increasing pulmonary rehabilitation worldwide as treatment for this common condition is low globally (Alison and McKeough, 2014; Brooks et al., 2007; Wadell et al., 2013; Yohannes and Connolly, 2004).