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Stages of motor learning
Published in Andrea Utley, Motor Control, Learning and Development, 2018
There is also growing interest in how all of the above applies to individuals who might be relearning movement tasks, for example after an injury or a stroke, or those with a neurological condition such as Parkinson’s (Siengsukon and Boyd 2009; Whitfield and Goberman 2017). Marsh et al. (2011) provide an overview (see Further reading) of concepts that are emerging in rehabilitation after spinal cord injury. They stress the importance of functional recovery, governed by principals of skill acquisition; however, they state that many of the mechanisms that are key to learning motor tasks are often overlooked. In conclusion, they express the importance of increasing our understanding about the interplay between learning motor tasks, rehabilitation and other treatments for spinal cord injury.
Clinical utility during inpatient rehabilitation of a clinical prediction rule for ambulation prognosis following spinal cord injury
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2023
Joseph Everhart, Martha Somers, Rachel Hibbs, Lynn A. Worobey
Functional training is a major component of rehabilitation after spinal cord injury (SCI). Greater functional independence at discharge from inpatient rehabilitation is associated with a higher level of participation, which in turn is associated with better quality of life years later.1 Mobility training, in particular, is of high priority, as mobility is strongly associated with quality of life in chronic SCI.2 Mobility within the home and community can be accomplished through walking, using a wheelchair, or a combination of the two. Goal-setting and program planning in physical therapy includes a determination of which of these modes of locomotion to prioritize. For this reason, mobility prognosis is a key focus during rehabilitation for individuals following an SCI.
Post-traumatic stress disorder in a population of 2008 Wenchuan earthquake survivors with disabilities: the role of environmental barriers
Published in Disability and Rehabilitation, 2021
J. D. Reinhardt, X. Zhang, C. Van Dyke, C. Ehrmann, L. Li, Z. Zhao, M. Zhou, H. Li
Earthquakes are the most deadly natural disasters and cause the most injuries worldwide [1]. The 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in Sichuan, China killed 69 227 people with an additional 17 923 missing and 374 643 injured [2]. Located 60 km from the epicenter, Mianzhu County – where the present study took place – was one of the most severely affected areas with approximately 10 000 fatalities and another 33 000 injured [3]. Severe injuries requiring physical rehabilitation included spinal cord injury (SCI), traumatic brain injury (TBI), crush injuries to extremities resulting in amputations, and complex fractures [4]. These conditions often result in permanent disabilities that are aggravated by limited or absent rehabilitation services and environmental barriers [5–8]. A small rehabilitation department was established in Mianzhu People’s hospital and a community-based rehabilitation program was also set up following the earthquake [4], but the latter was discontinued after four years. As in other parts of China, Mianzhu county lacks rehabilitative capacity at community level hospitals. There is no established two-way referral system between hospital and community, limited insurance coverage for rehabilitation services, limited disability pension, and insufficient policies for employment [9]. This means that rehabilitation services are primarily hospital-based with limited services in the community or patient’s homes. Moreover, Mianzhu County is predominantly rural with limited physical accessibility of public buildings and transportation.
Development of community participation indicators to advance the quality of spinal cord injury rehabilitation: SCI-High Project
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2021
Sander L. Hitzig, Gaya Jeyathevan, Farnoosh Farahani, Vanessa K. Noonan, Gary Linassi, François Routhier, Arif Jetha, Diana McCauley, S. Mohammad Alavinia, Maryam Omidvar, B. Catharine Craven
One of the main markers of successful rehabilitation following spinal cord injury/disease (SCI/D) is enabling an individual’s transition from inpatient clinical care to the community where a person can fully participate in diverse social roles.1 For instance, meaningful participation in occupations or employment and/or the ability to engage in societal roles holds significant implications for one’s health and wellbeing,2 is internationally recognized as a fundamental right for all persons, including those with a disability3 and represents an emerging policy goal.4 The most widely used definition of ‘Participation’ is the one provided by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), which defines it as ‘involvement in a life situation’.5 Although there is considerable debate regarding the nuances of what constitutes participation,6 there is growing recognition that it is “multifaceted and influenced by perceptions, desires and choices”.7 Moreover, participation encompasses a number of aspects of an individual’s life related to their social health and wellbeing, such as engagement, enfranchisement, a sense of agency at both the personal and societal level, and having social connections.8 For many persons with SCI/D, however, the ability to fully participate in their community is often made difficult by their primary impairments and secondary health conditions9 and because of the lack of accessibility to both the built and social environment.10,11 One possible contributing factor to community participation, such as challenges in accessing transportation,12 undertaking leisure/recreational activities,13 and returning to work,14 is that people with SCI/D often feel unprepared when being discharged from the inpatient setting back to the community.15,16