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Rehabilitation after Trauma
Published in Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner, Trauma Care Manual, 2021
Ian Greaves, Keith Porter, Jeff Garner
The enormous impact of suffering significant trauma will affect every fragment of an afflicted individual’s health as evidenced by the numerous specialist teams involved during their acute admission. Despite this immense effort, a successful result usually achieves ‘a stable patient’ and full recovery still remains painfully distant. This is where rehabilitation medicine steps forward to accelerate this journey from dependent patient to independent person. Rehabilitation not only improves health but also enables return of function and ability in those who have become less-abled through illness and injury. Where a recovered patient is left with a disability (reduced function) due to multiple impairments, rehabilitation attempts to overcome these impairments in order to return the patient to ability and remove disability. The ambition is not simply improvement but a return of the multiple modalities of health and well-being that translate to return to normal life, life choices and employment.
Functional Rehabilitation
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
Functional rehabilitation is a flexible and collaborative approach designed to restore movement ability, build confidence and restore functional patterns of coordination. As part of the training process a client should experience: Improved thoughts, beliefs and attitudes regarding movementImproved coordinationImproved movement strategiesImproved performance parameters, i.e. task-specific strength, flexibility, mobility, stability and balanceImproved functional capacity, i.e. the ability to lift, bend, twist, walk, run and so onImproved functional performance, i.e. the ability to perform at work, in sport or during playUnlike approaches designed to resolve symptoms, a functional approach is designed to improve the ease and efficiency of movement. This suggests that rehabilitation can continue long past the point at which ‘symptoms’ have resolved. Even though difficult to prove, functional rehabilitation embraces the notion that training can reduce the risk of injury.
Modern Rehabilitation Techniques for COVID-19
Published in Wenguang Xia, Xiaolin Huang, Rehabilitation from COVID-19, 2021
COVID-19 not only will directly impair the cardiopulmonary, neurological, and renal functions of patients, but also cause patients to lie in bed for a long period of time. Due to their lack of activity or motion, there are complications that can lead to physical dysfunction. Body dysfunction of COVID-19 patients is usually characterized by general fatigue, easy fatigue, and muscle soreness, some of which may be accompanied by muscle atrophy and decreased muscle strength. Physical function can be assessed by using the Borg conscious fatigue scale and freehand muscle strength test. In addition, there is a wide range of rehabilitation techniques that can improve physical function. For of COVID-19 patients’ main problems, such as decreased muscle strength and reduced exercise tolerance, the rehabilitation treatment technology that can be adopted is mainly exercise therapy, including aerobic exercise, strength training, and balance training. On the premise of safety protection, the cardiopulmonary function, psychological state, physical ability, and other aspects of patients in different stages of the disease should be thoroughly assessed step by step according to their conditions. With usage of these techniques, safe, scientific, reasonable, and feasible exercise prescription should be given to patients for intervention.
Physical Therapy Interventions in a Patient with Nontraumatic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury Secondary to Metastatic Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Lung cancer is the second most common type of cancer with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounting for 10–15% of all lung cancers (American Cancer Society, 2018). SCLC is an aggressive form of lung cancer that originates in neuroendocrine-cell precursors with common sites of metastases in the brain and spinal cord. While the initial response rates to chemotherapy and radiation are good for SCLC, resistance to treatment develops rapidly in stage IV with a median progression-free period of only 5.5 months (Früh et al., 2013). The five-year survival rate for those with Stage IV SCLC is around 2%, with a median survival rate of 10 months (American Cancer Society, 2018). Individuals with SCLC with metastases to the brain or spinal cord resulting in neurological injury such as paraplegia present unique challenges for rehabilitation multidisciplinary teams due to the dual diagnoses. Rehabilitation goals must focus on optimizing functional independence, patient-centered personal goals, and enhancing quality of life.
A systematic review of using electrical stimulation to improve clinical outcomes after hip fractures
Published in Physiotherapy Theory and Practice, 2022
Paul Davison, Rianne Wilkinson, Jordan Miller, Mohammad Auais
Hip fractures are an increasing challenge for healthcare systems worldwide. With rising life expectancy, it is estimated that the global incidence of hip fractures will increase from 1.66 million in 1990 to 6.26 million in 2050 (Dhanwal, Dennison, Harvey, and Cooper, 2011). Functional difficulties are a common and important challenge for people with hip fractures. These challenges frequently lead to the onset of other morbidities and even death (Kristensen, 2011), with a one-year mortality rate of 14–36% in patients 65 years and older (Bateman et al., 2012; Orwig, Chan, and Magaziner, 2006; Sciard, Cattano, Hussain, and Rosenstein, 2011). Recovery of patient mobility is, therefore, essential to minimizing potential post-operative complications and regaining functional independence (Auais et al., 2018; Kristensen, 2011). Activity-based rehabilitation such as physical activity and exercise has been shown to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life after hip fractures (Sherrington, Tiedemann, and Cameron, 2011). However, post-operative pain and muscle weakness are common barriers that impede full participation in activity-based rehabilitation (Feldt and Oh, 2000; Kristensen, 2011; Morrison et al., 2003). As a result, rehabilitation must address these factors to achieve full recovery and better clinical outcomes.
Discharge nurse intervention on a pediatric rehabilitation unit: Retrospective chart review to evaluate the Does it impact on number of unmet needs during the transition home following neurological injury
Published in Developmental Neurorehabilitation, 2021
Pediatric patients transitioning home after comprehensive acute inpatient rehabilitation for a newly acquired severe neurological injury often have significant functional changes and require more care and/or supervision than they did prior to hospitalization.1–4 The length of comprehensive inpatient rehabilitation varies from a week to several months depending on the severity of the functional decline and the potential for functional gains through intensive rehabilitation therapies.4 Nurses working on a pediatric rehabilitation unit of an acute care hospital recognized opportunities to improve discharge workflow in order to enhance caregiver education and preparation for the transition home. This retrospective chart review investigates the following research question: Do children and adolescents discharged to home following acute inpatient rehabilitation for neurological injuries, have fewer contacts with hospital staff regarding issues at home during the initial 8-week post-discharge period when a rehab unit-based discharge nurse role is in place than when the role is not in place?