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Exercise Selection
Published in Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan, Strength and Conditioning in Sports, 2023
Michael H. Stone, Timothy J. Suchomel, W. Guy Hornsby, John P. Wagle, Aaron J. Cunanan
Strength-power training phases, which are characterized by strength-speed (e.g., moving heavy loads quickly) and speed-strength (e.g., moving light loads quickly) exercises, are focused on the further development of rapid force production and improving power output (91). While there are a number of considerations when it comes to power development (20), an important consideration is the selection of exercises that will address the goals of a strength-power phase. Because muscular strength may serve as the foundation upon which rapid force production and power output are built (92), S&C practitioners must consider the maintenance of this characteristic during a strength-power phase. For example, while more exercises will focus on rapid force production and power output via strength-speed and speed-strength exercises, foundational exercises such as squat, press, and pull variations may allow athletes to maintain their maximal strength qualities.
Functional Program Design
Published in James Crossley, Functional Exercise and Rehabilitation, 2021
In power training, the aim is to develop explosive movement, the ability to produce force within a shorter space of time, or to move with speed. Power training is typified by the need to move quickly under varying levels of load or to travel over distance as quickly as possible. Within power phases, the emphasis is on the use of biomechanical forces like speed, momentum, ground reaction force, reactive strength and plyometric forms of force production. Speed and power phases tend to include more explosive movements like jumping, hopping and throwing.
What role for genetic testing in sport?
Published in Silvia Camporesi, Mike McNamee, Bioethics, Genetics and Sport, 2018
Silvia Camporesi, Mike McNamee
Most cases of SCA are related to different kinds of cardiac arrhythmias (irregular heartbeat patterns), with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), a pathological enlargement of the heart, being the most common cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes. However, it is difficult to estimate the prevalence of SCD with any validity, in part because of the difficulty in diagnosing the condition. SCA does not refer to a single pathological condition, but to a combination of conditions that exhibit the same potential fatal outcome (Koo et al. 2011). The physiology of the trained (and thus enlarged) heart of an athlete is similar to, and is often indistinguishable from, its pathological counterpart (George et al. 1991). Prolonged endurance training and static or power training produce changes in the structure and function of the heart, often presenting challenges to an accurate clinical diagnosis of cardiac conditions that genuinely present a risk to individuals (Myerson et al. 2012). Our awareness of the pathological potential of the enlarged athletic heart dates back to the 1950s. Only more recently were the physiological adaptations of the trained heart considered as a consequence of intense athletic participation (Heggie 2011). According to a recent review, however, the rate of sudden cardiac deaths among young athletes does not exceed 2 affected athletes per 100,000 per year (Farioli et al. 2015).
Physiological behavior during stress anticipation across different chronic stress exposure adaptive models
Published in Stress, 2022
Dejana Popovic, Svetozar Damjanovic, Bojana Popovic, Aleksandar Kocijancic, Dragana Labudović, Stefan Seman, Stanimir Stojiljković, Milorad Tesic, Ross Arena, Ratko Lasica
Our study is addition to our already published research (Popovic et al., 2013, 2014). In short, 57 healthy male subjects of similar age were included [16 elite wrestlers (W), 21 elite water polo players (WP), and 20 sedentary control subjects (C)]. Subjects in the W and WP groups included in the present study are athletes have been successfully competitive at the international level; they have all trained intensively for more than 10 years. Both W and WP subjects performed combined endurance and strength training protocols. At the time of the study, both W and WP subjects were in a period of preparation for international competition. Subjects in the W group performed four hours of power training in the gym, nine hours of wrestling a week and 4 hours of high intensity running a week. Subjects in the WP group trained 12 hours a week in the pool, where they swimmed at least 2 km per each training session, and they also spent three hours a week in the gym where they performed both endurance and power exercises. Subjects in the C group were not engaged in sporting activities; they reported less then two hours a week of physical activity for the last 10 years. All subjects provided detailed personal and family history of illness. They did not declare any risk factors or diseases which were considered as exclusion criteria, such as hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, diabetes, arrhythmias, renal disease, infections, anabolic steroids usage and smoking. All subjects provided an informed consent and the local Ethical Committee approved the study.