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The Healthy Body
Published in Roger Cooter, John Pickstone, Medicine in the Twentieth Century, 2020
Commercialized physical-culture expanded slowly after the Second World War up to the late 1970s and then made an exponential leap. As organized sports and competitive games became an ever greater mass-spectator form of leisure, so the culture of getting fit took off in the 1980s. Sports clothes manufacturers expanded their markets to provide casual attire which provided both comfort and an athletic fashion. The fashionability of track suits and running shoes reached murderous proportions in the 1990s when American teenagers occasionally killed each other in order to steal a pair of Nike pumps from their peers. A commercialized fitness-culture made athleticism fashionable creating entrepreneurial opportunities by popularizing new leisure activities such as jogging and weight-training. But the ‘fitness culture’ built upon the body-building cults of the pre-war era and set up new images of the ideal bodily shape and appearance.
Cultural validation and language translation of the scientific SCI exercise guidelines for use in Indonesia, Japan, Korea, and Thailand
Published in The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine, 2022
Yukio Mikami, Damayanti Tinduh, KunHo Lee, Chayaporn Chotiyarnwong, Jan W. van der Scheer, Kyung Su Jung, Hiroshi Shinohara, Inggar Narasinta, Seung Hyun Yoon, Napatpaphan Kanjanapanang, Takafumi Sakai, Martha K. Kusumawardhani, Jinho Park, Pannika Prachgosin, Futoshi Obata, Ditaruni Asrina Utami, Phairin Laohasinnarong, Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani, Siraprapa Limprasert, Fumihiro Tajima, Victoria L. Goosey-Tolfrey, Kathleen A. Martin Ginis
In Japan, a unique barrier to SCI exercise guideline uptake and adherence is that Japan does not have the same exercise and fitness culture as western societies such as Canada, the United States and many European countries.30 Epidemiological data indicate relatively few Japanese people exercise regularly (e.g. in 2016, < 10% of women and < 25% of men ages 20–39 exercised at least twice per week).31 Qualitative and quantitative theory-based research is needed to develop interventions to motivate Japanese people with SCI to exercise. Another barrier is that Japanese fitness centers tend to be less focused on improving clients’ strength and fitness and more oriented towards providing luxurious spaces for relaxation and entertainment, particularly for affluent older adults.30 It may be necessary to create new, dedicated exercise spaces for people with SCI.
Perspectives on Increasing Positive Attitudes Toward Larger Members in Fitness Centers
Published in Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 2018
Brian Jason Souza, Vicki Ebbeck
The social and environmental structures that influence perceptions of body weight and shape were the themes identified by ideas in the fitness culture cluster. Rather than classes and programs designed with intersectionality and inclusiveness, this cluster of ideas related to decorations such as posters of exercisers and messages displayed throughout the fitness center, for example, “Provide positive visual images of people of all sizes enjoying physical activity” and “Posting the HAES principles in the fitness center.” Other ideas included promotional materials that were not programming related, such as “Do not provide materials that joke about beach season or holiday eating” and “Give members literature on weight bias, fat talk, and the associated harms.”