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Cardiovascular Effects of Exercise
Published in Wilmer W Nichols, Michael F O'Rourke, Elazer R Edelman, Charalambos Vlachopoulos, McDonald's Blood Flow in Arteries, 2022
The SAINTEX-CAD study found that interval training and continuous training three times a week for 12 weeks equally improved aerobic exercise capacity and peripheral endothelial function in patients with CAD (Conraads et al., 2015). Also, peak oxygen consumption increased significantly in both groups, and quality of life improved. Other studies have also shown that exercise training reduces cardiovascular risk factors associated with CAD. In other meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials (Elliott et al., 2015; Chen et al., 2017), it was found that endurance exercise interventions at moderate to high training intensity significantly reduced resting systolic blood pressure and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. These studies also found significant positive changes in peak oxygen consumption and left ventricular ejection fraction after exercise training of 60–90 minutes per week for 12 weeks.
From infantilization to body-territoriality
Published in Hanna Laako, Georgina Sánchez-Ramírez, Midwives in Mexico, 2021
However, when analyzing these UN proposals from the health and gender perspective, one can observe that the proposals are rather limited, in the sense that they see midwives as potential healthcare providers only when they are “certified”—in other words, when the midwives can prove that they are licensed and receive continuous training. In the case of Mexico, what would really be useful is to “regulate the profession” in the country (López-Arellano, Sánchez-Ramírez et al. 2020).
Key concepts in pulmonary rehabilitation
Published in Claudio F. Donner, Nicolino Ambrosino, Roger S. Goldstein, Pulmonary Rehabilitation, 2020
Felipe V.C. Machado, Frits M.E. Franssen, Martijn A. Spruit
The modality of endurance exercise training (i.e. continuous or interval training) as well as the intensity and duration should be tailored to the individual patient. Interval training and continuous training appear to be equally effective in COPD (35). Interval training may be a useful alternative to continuous training, especially in symptom-limited individuals who are unable to tolerate high-intensity continuous training (36). This modality may result in significantly lower symptom scores (35) and less severe oxygen desaturation, despite high absolute training loads, thus maintaining the training effects of endurance training (35,37). The intensity can be controlled by objective measures (e.g. work rate, heart rate) as well as subjective measures (e.g. Borg dyspnoea or fatigue score, Rating of Perceived Exertion). A duration of 20 to 60 minutes per session for three to five times per week is required in order to achieve a volume of exercise that provides benefits for patients with chronic respiratory diseases. A programme duration of at least 8 weeks is recommended to attain a substantial effect (38).
Prevalence and Its Correlation with Sustained Opioid Use in Korea: A Group-Based Trajectory Analysis
Published in Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2021
Dongwon Yoon, Hyesung Lee, Yeon-Hee Baek, Han Eol Jeong, Ju-Young Shin
Currently, considerable efforts are being made to reduce the use of opioids. In Korea, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) established the Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS) in 2018 to monitor the administration and stock management of opioids. Using information collected by NIMS, the MFDS uncovered that 27 hospitals and clinics have violated the Narcotics Control Act (2019). However, considering our findings and that from a previous study (Kim, Lee, and Shin 2020; Thiels et al. 2019), monitoring of tramadol is important, but also problematic using the NIMS as it is not classified as narcotics or psychotropic substances in Korea. As tramadol is classified as a Schedule IV Controlled Substance in the US, reclassification of tramadol should also be considered in Korea. The introduction of this system would enable the monitoring and prevention of drug misuse and abuse by patients. Hence, continuous training and promotion for healthcare providers are necessary to fully establish this system.
Cost-effectiveness of the implementation of a transitional discharge model for community integration of psychiatric clients: Practice insights and policy implications
Published in International Journal of Mental Health, 2019
Cheryl Forchuk, Mary-Lou Martin, Deborah Corring, Deborrah Sherman, Rani Srivastava, Boniface Harerimana, Raymond Cheng
The study results further indicate that TDM provides mental health policy one of the most unique opportunities for effective discharge from hospital to community mental health services. By offering continuous support through bridging staff and community peer supporters, TDM may improve the functional and social well-being of benefiting clients; there are essential factors for an effective discharge from inpatient to community integration (Little et al., 2019). Besides, implementing TDM can enhance social and interpersonal relationships, which are well-documented enablers of reduced length of stay in hospital and transition from hospital to the community (Poole et al., 2014; Tanioka et al., 2013). Nonetheless, policy concerning TDM implementation, like other health systems-related programs, may be hindered by healthcare laden workload and leadership challenges. In this regard, policy managers may consider addressing leadership issues by involving leaders at each level of the mental health systems (Glisson et al., 2008). Specifically, the decision-making process should include the levels of the hospital, the agencies, the community support programs, and the consumer associations. Other aspects to consider may consist of strengthening the organizational structure to offer healthcare providers support (Glisson et al., 2008) through continuous training, involvement, and quality supervision (Whitley, Gingerich, Lutz, & Mueser, 2009).
A survey of perceptions, attitudes and practices regarding the antibiotic prescription among Iranian physicians
Published in Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy, 2019
Hassan Vakili-Arki, Shokoufeh Aalaei, Maryam Farrokhi, Ehsan Nabovati, Mohammad Reza Saberi, Saeid Eslami
Our study showed that ‘Persian reference books’, ‘continuing medical education (CME) programs’ and ‘Internet resources’ serve as physicians’ means for improving their medical knowledge. In a study conducted in an Indian hospital, it was shown that holding continuous training courses can enhance the quality of drug prescription and also reduce the antibiotic prescription by 1.7% [36]. CME and antibiotics` guidelines (national or international) have an important role in the improvement of antibiotic prescription standards [2,37]. Holding organized continuous training programs as well as designing and introducing scientific websites in the native language can fill the gap of the required resources and facilities to improve physicians’ medical knowledge.