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Gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Sialography is the radiographic examination of the parotid and submandibular salivary glands and their ducts following the introduction of a contrast agent. The anatomy of the ducts from the sublingual glands, however, makes the investigation of these glands impossible. The examination should ideally be performed using a C-arm remote control fluoroscopic unit equipped with digital subtraction using a 17 cm (smallest image/largest magnification) field size detector and a 512 × 512 matrix.
Common head and neck viva topics
Published in Joseph Manjaly, Peter Kullar, Advanced ENT Training, 2019
Depending on the clinical picture and US findings, the second-line investigation is sialography. This is the gold standard investigation for imaging the submandibular duct and the intraglandular ductal system. It will detect and localise strictures and sialolithiasis. It can be therapeutic as small stones and mucus plugs can be flushed with the contrast. In addition, sialography require dilatation and cannulation of the ductal punctum which can help with the salivary flow. There is a risk of introducing infection with sialography.
Cysts and Tumours of the Bony Facial Skeleton
Published in John C Watkinson, Raymond W Clarke, Terry M Jones, Vinidh Paleri, Nicholas White, Tim Woolford, Head & Neck Surgery Plastic Surgery, 2018
Julia A. Woolgar, Gillian L. Hall
This uncommon mandibular developmental anomaly may be mistaken as a jaw cyst on radiography24 when a symptomless round/oval, well-demarcated radiolucency of the premolar-angle region is discovered (Figure 25.10). It is located beneath the inferior dental canal and may be bilateral. The appearance is due to a saucer-like concavity of the lingual plate occupied by submandibular salivary gland tissue. Anterior lesions related to the sublingual gland are rare. Sialography is helpful in confirming the diagnosis and can prevent unnecessary surgical exploration.
Clinical practice guidance for Sjögren’s syndrome in pediatric patients (2018) – summarized and updated
Published in Modern Rheumatology, 2021
Minako Tomiita, Ichiro Kobayashi, Yasuhiko Itoh, Yuzaburo Inoue, Naomi Iwata, Hiroaki Umebayashi, Nami Okamoto, Yukiko Nonaka, Ryoki Hara, Masaaki Mori
Salivary production is assessed by the chewing gum test, Saxon test, or unstimulated whole saliva measurement. Salivary gland scintigraphy using 99mTcO4– is used to evaluate the salivary production and excretion of the four major salivary glands [36]. Although ultrasonography has recently been used for the detection of morphological abnormality of the salivary glands [37–39], consensus diagnostic criteria for pediatric patients have yet to be established. Sialography is used to detect parenchymal lesions of the salivary gland [40]. Rubin-Holt classification of ≥ stage 1 is significant. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sialography has recently become available and can be used as a substitute for sialography in the present guidance [41,42]. Pathological examinations of the labial minor salivary glands show periductal focal infiltration of lymphoid cells before the development of sicca symptoms [3,4,43]. Focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with a focus score of ≥1 foci/4 mm2 is significant. Ophthalmological examination includes Schirmer’s test and evaluation of keratoconjunctivitis sicca using Rose-Bengal or fluorescence. Lissamine green is recommended as a staining agent in ACR criteria [9] and ACR/EULAR criteria [10] but is not covered by Japanese Health Insurance.
Prevalence of sicca symptoms and Sjögren’s syndrome in coeliac patients and healthy controls
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2020
K Ayar, R Tunç, H Pekel, HH Esen, A Küçük, S Çifçi, H Ataseven, M Özdemir
There were some limitations in this study. We did not evaluate the dietary adaptations of CPs. Therefore, the CPs who were included in this study may not have been homogeneously distributed based on their dietary status. The lack of malabsorption evaluation in the CPs included in this study was another limitation. In this study, only the Schirmer I test was used for the evaluation of ocular findings within the AECG classification criteria, and Rose Bengal or van Bijsterveld’s scoring systems were not used. In addition, only the WUSF test was used to evaluate salivary gland involvement of the participants in this study, and salivary gland scintigraphy or parotid sialography was not performed. Therefore, our screening strategy may not have been sensitive enough to perform SS classification according to AECG classification criteria. Another limitation of this study is that the 2016 ACR/European League Against Rheumatism classification criteria, which are the most recent classification criteria in primary SS classification, were not used (30). We did not conduct a detailed examination with a questionnaire or laboratory examination for the exclusion of subclinical CD in HCs included in the study. It cannot be ruled out that subclinical CD may be present in HCs, and this is another limitation of this study.
Salivary gland ultrasonography findings are associated with clinical, histological, and serologic features of Sjögren’s syndrome
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2018
J-W Kim, H Lee, S-H Park, S-K Kim, J-Y Choe, JK Kim
Subjective symptoms and objective signs of ocular and salivary gland involvement together with histopathology of minor salivary glands and presence of autoantibodies to Ro/SSA and/or La/SSB antigens are components of American-European Consensus Group (AECG) classification criteria for SS (3). Despite their widespread use in many research studies of SS, tests of salivary gland involvement have some limitations. Parotid sialography depends on the experience of the observer and is becoming less frequently used because of its complexity (4, 5). Salivary scintigraphy has low specificity compared with other tests and the risk of radiation exposure (6). In addition, patients who have undergone minor salivary gland biopsy can experience temporary or persistent sensory loss in the lips (7).