China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Personnel Monitoring
Published in Robert J. Parelli, Principles of Fluoroscopic Image Intensification and Television Systems, 2020
The personnel monitoring devices are worn in order to ensure that the maximum permissible dose equivalent or occupational dose equivalent limits have not been violated. Radiation Control Regulations do not specify the minimum or maximum monitoring time period. Usually, and advisably, film badges or TLD badges are changed once every month.
Maximum Permissible Dose
Published in Kedar N. Prasad, Handbook of RADIOBIOLOGY, 2020
The maximum permissible dose (MPD) has been based on genetic considerations. Since recent data indicate that certain types of somatic damage are more sensitive to radiation than genetic damage, somatic damage must be given increased consideration in setting the population dose limit. There is no dose of radiation that can be considered “safe” or “harmless.” Therefore, continual efforts must be made to minimize the radiation exposure of the individual. Before determining any amount of radiation, we must show that benefits derived from such exposure far exceed the possible harm. The nuclear industry will expand rapidly in the future. Therefore, all efforts should be made to minimize the exposure of the individual or population. The extent to which these efforts are successful may well affect the growth of nuclear energy in the future.
Preparing for Court Appearances
Published in Kenneth L. Miller, Handbook of Management of Radiation Protection Programs, 2020
The usual format for expert witness testimony is to first qualify the witness as an expert by presenting their background. Next, the witness is asked to review certain factual documents or to make certain factual assumptions. The witness is then asked to apply their expertise to these documents or assumptions and express an opinion. The two areas in which health physicists are most likely to find themselves testifying as expert witnesses are on the questions of dose when that is unclear and on the question of the applicable standard of care the defendant owed to the plaintiff. As to the standard of care (or duty owed), the health physicist should be careful to avoid confusing a professional philosophy of excellence, such as ALARA, with a minimum acceptable standard of care, such as the maximum permissible dose limits found in 10CFR §20.101. All health physicists should strive to perform their work with excellence, as should all surgeons, but it is unrealistic to hold a professional liable in damages if their performance fell below this goal of excellence on any particular occasion. If professional philosophies of excellence were elevated a tort standard of care, they would have to be changed to a professional philosophy of mediocrity in order to survive in this litigious society.
Tamoxifen citrate loaded chitosan-gellan nanocapsules for breast cancer therapy: development, characterisation and in-vitro cell viability study
Published in Journal of Microencapsulation, 2018
Pankaj Kumar Kathle, Nivedita Gautam, Karthikeyan Kesavan
Worldwide, about one-fifth of cancer patients suffer from breast cancer and this is a common cause of death in women (Malik et al.2012, Rugo 2014). The proliferative effects of oestrogen (female hormones) on breast glandular cells have been proved to be the major cause in mechanism of breast cancer (Lin et al.2016). Several therapeutic methods for breast cancer in clinical practice are available such as curative surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, hormonal therapy, and biologically targeted therapy. The available chemotherapeutic agents do not significantly differentiate between the normal and cancerous cells, which results in systemic toxicity and side effects. This significantly limits the maximum permissible dose of the drug. The convectional formulations have very poor drug permeation into the cancer cells due to less distribution and quick elimination (Maji et al.2014).
Flying rats and microbeam paths crossing: the beauty of international interdisciplinary science
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
In clinical radiotherapy, the maximum permissible dose prescribed to treat the tumor is always determined by the tolerance of the normal tissue in the vicinity of the tumor. One of the most important advantages of MRT, which has been demonstrated continuously during the decades of microbeam research in small animal studies, is the extremely high functional tolerance of normal brain tissue with respect to microbeams. Based on those data, it is expected that MRT, delivered as single fraction radiosurgery or as simultaneously integrated boost (SIB), should allow to administer X-ray doses sufficiently high to control malignant tumors which are considered radioresistant with the available radiotherapy techniques.