China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Congestive Heart Failure
Published in Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo, Complications of Diabetes Mellitus, 2022
Jahangir Moini, Matthew Adams, Anthony LoGalbo
Chest X-rays include a cardiac silhouette that is enlarged, fluid in the major fissure, pleural effusion, and horizontal lines within the edges of the lower posterior lung fields. These are known as Kerley B lines. All of these factors indicate a chronic elevation of the left atrial pressure as well as long-term thickening of the intralobular septa from edema. There may also be upper lobe pulmonary venous congestion, along with alveolar or interstitial edema. An abnormal ECG increases the suspicion for HF and can identify the cause. This is especially true if ECG reveals left ventricular hypertrophy, previous MI, left bundle branch block, and rapid atrial fibrillation or another tachyarrhythmia. With chronic HF, a totally normal ECG is rare.
Respiratory system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Pneumothorax can be diagnosed sonographically by three characteristic features, described by Hew and Tay (2016; 56): The absence of a ‘lung sliding’ movement in time with respiration.The absence of B lines, which are the sonographic equivalent of Kerley B lines on a chest radiograph.The presence of ‘lung point’, which is seen only in partial pneumothorax because it is the point of transition between the area of lung sliding and its absence.
Electrocardiogram, chest radiograph, and ancillary investigations
Published in Neeraj Parakh, Ravi S. Math, Vivek Chaturvedi, Mitral Stenosis, 2018
Arun Sharma, Kanika Bhambri, Gurpreet S. Gulati, Neeraj Parakh
Moderate PVH. With increasing LA pressures, interstitial pulmonary edema develops.47 This is typically seen as interlobular septal thickening (Kerley B lines), and is frequently visible on a chest radiograph. Typical Kerley B lines appear as short (1–2 cm), horizontal white lines perpendicular to the pleural surface at lung bases (Figure 7.3). These findings are seen in moderate PVH and correlate with PCWP of 18–25 mmHg.48 Less frequently identified signs of interstitial edema include Kerley A and C lines. Kerley A lines represent distension of lymphatic channels between peri-venous and peri-bronchovascular lymphatics, and can be seen as larger lines (larger than B lines, 2–6 cm in length) extending obliquely from the hilum to the upper lobes. Kerley C lines represent reticular opacities in the lung bases and may represent Kerley B lines en face.
Eosinophilic pneumonia induced by gabapentin
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology, 2021
N Salah, I Daniel, HJ Meyer-Krahmer, G Thölking
Chest X-ray showed mild pleural bilateral effusions, Kerley B lines, and pulmonary congestion (Figure 1A). Computed tomography (CT) confirmed these findings and detected prominent mediastinal and hilar lymph nodes (Figure 1B). Investigation of the pleural fluid revealed a high concentration of eosinophilic granulocytes. Discrete chronic mucosal changes were found in the flexible bronchoscopy. Cytological examination of the mucosal tissue showed an eosinophilic infiltration and mild siderosis. Fine-needle aspiration of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes revealed lymphoid hyperplasia without patterns of granulomas or malignant processes. In addition, a myeloid left shift with 30% eosinophilic infiltration was found in the bone marrow examination.
The use of point-of-care ultrasound in new-onset dyspnea: an unexpected diagnosis
Published in Acta Clinica Belgica, 2022
Emine Özpak, Loran Defruyt, Laura Braeckeveldt, Jens Czapla, Els Vandecasteele
Upon admission, her vital signs and symptoms were tachypnea with a saturation of 98%, a heart rate of 110 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 131/67 mmHg and an axillary temperature of 36.3°C. Her clinical examination showed nothing remarkable except for discrete bibasilar lung crackles. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus tachycardia with poor R-wave progression in V1 to V3 and a negative T-wave in III. Chest x-ray showed a normal cardiothoracic ratio, Kerley B lines and a small quantity of pleural fluid. Laboratory tests showed borderline microcytic anemia (haemoglobin of 11.2 g/dL, mean corpuscular volume 82fL), normal renal function, negative troponin values and low C-reactive protein level (11 mg/L).
A multidisciplinary approach to heart failure care in the hospital: improving the patient journey
Published in Hospital Practice, 2022
Vijay U. Rao, Atul Bhasin, Jesus Vargas, Vijaya Arun Kumar
Physical examination may reveal elevated jugular venous distension, S3 gallop, abdominal distension, bilateral lower extremity edema, and cool extremities [6,23,25]. Chest radiography may identify increased pulmonary vascular congestion, interstitial prominence, cardiomegaly, and Kerley B lines [6,23]. Although chest radiography has been used to diagnose HF, point-of-care ultrasound has more recently allowed for imaging of the heart, lungs, and inferior vena cava [26,27] and can therefore provide a more sensitive and specific evaluation of ADHF in the ED [28].