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Thermography by Specialty
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
In the context of surgery, infrared imaging can serve a variety of purposes, such as locating tumors or infection, documenting revascularization, monitoring anesthesia, and evaluating wounds. In the early history of thermography, infrared scanners were large devices without the agility to provide a good image of the surgical field. With the advent of miniature scanners such as the Agema devices in the 1980s, practical thermal evaluation within the surgical theatre became possible. Even with these smaller devices, however, a trained operator was required to arrange large cables connecting the scanner to the display and supply liquid nitrogen to cool the infrared detector, thus limiting their use in the operating room. Modern microbolometer imagers require no cooling, can be miniaturized, and may operate either wirelessly or with very small cables; these developments have made infrared monitoring of surgical procedures possible with little or no disturbance to the surgeons or to the sterile field. Standard silvered-glass mirrors can be placed above the patient to reflect the infrared findings to an imager away from the sterile field, thus lowering the possibility of post-surgical infection.211 It is beyond the scope of this section to describe in depth all the ways in which thermography can be utilized in surgical practice, but several important topics will be covered.
Ethical Aspects in Thermal Imaging Research
Published in U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer, Artificial Intelligence-Based Infrared Thermal Image Processing and Its Applications, 2023
U. Snekhalatha, K. Palani Thanaraj, Kurt Ammer
Infrared imaging makes use of specialized and powerful cameras called infrared imagers to detect the electromagnetic spectrum’s long infrared range. Between 8 and 15 m, a long-wave infrared sensor gives thermal data or a heat map of the captured scene in a quantified format that represents temperature. Because thermography is non-contact and non-invasive, it is a patient-friendly method. Thermal cameras are significantly more expensive than visual cameras.
Standard Protocol and Provocation Tests
Published in Kurt Ammer, Francis Ring, The Thermal Human Body, 2019
It is always recommended that the subjects should be informed preferably in writing of this requirement well in advance of their appointment, and the nature of the tests should be explained in order to obtain maximum co-operation. Medical imaging often involves exposure to some form of energy or radiation. It should be made clear that infrared imaging is passive, and only detects natural heat emitted by the skin.
Comparison and convergence of compartment syndrome techniques: a narrative review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2023
Naveen Sharma, Nitin Mohan Sharma, Apurva Sharma, Sarfaraj Mirza
Infrared imaging techniques can detect the decrease in temperature of the human skin. In a study [40,41], it was suggested that a fall in temperature of the surface of the affected limb could indicate the presence of compartment syndrome. In the patients who did not have compartment syndrome, the recorded average anterior surface temperature of the legs was 31.86 ± 1.99°C. Comparing the compartment syndrome affected patients to controls, the average anterior surface temperature was substantially lower in the legs of compartment syndrome affected patients (28.70 ± 2.03°C). The average temperature on the anterior surface of the legs in patients with unilateral compartment syndrome was substantially lower (28.95 ± 2.20°C) than the temperature on the contralateral legs (32.75 ± 2.29°C) without compartment syndrome. Patients who experienced bilateral compartment syndrome had average leg temperatures (28.47 ± 1.80°C) that were considerably lower than those of controls (31.86 ± 1.99°C). The reported study showed a great potential for the diagnosis of CS by infrared imaging, however, the studies exploring the potential of infrared imaging are very few. Also, the temperature may rise in the patients due to some other reasons such as fever, allergic reactions to medicines etc. Hence, the literature is unsure about the applicability of infrared imaging as a diagnostic tool for CS with certainty.
Folate-targeted intraoperative fluorescence, OTL38, in robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy
Published in Scandinavian Journal of Urology, 2021
Jay E. Sulek, James E. Steward, Clinton D. Bahler, Max H. Jacobsen, Amitha Sundaram, Cheuk Fan Shum, George E. Sandusky, Philip S. Low, Chandru P. Sundaram
Patients received a single dose of OTL38 at 0.025 mg/kg and a single dose of 25 mg diphenhydramine within 2 hours of skin incision. The da Vinci Fluorescence Vision Imaging System (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA). Fluorescence imaging was used to visualize the OTL38 signal to help identify the tumor prior to resection and then to inspect the resection bed and tumor for evidence of a positive margin. All tumors were excised with scissors after clamping the main renal vasculature. The surgeon alternated between visible light and near-infrared imaging during tumor resection. A frozen section was obtained based on the surgeon’s discretion. A two-layered renorrhaphy was performed in each case. Images were taken in visible and fluorescent light immediately before and after tumor excision. Once resected, the tumor was sent to the pathologist for processing and sectioning. Further details of the study protocol may be found in previously published work [13].
Computer simulations of an irrigated radiofrequency cardiac ablation catheter and experimental validation by infrared imaging
Published in International Journal of Hyperthermia, 2021
Christian Rossmann, Anjan Motamarry, Dorin Panescu, Dieter Haemmerich
In Figure 1, we show the design of the irrigated prototype catheter that was employed in the experiments. The setup was kept at body temperature (37 °C) by circulating the saline through a heated water bath. The temporal tissue temperature profile was recorded using an infrared camera (Mikron MikroSpec RT7500) at a rate of 1/s, with 320 × 240 resolution, similar to prior studies [4,27]. We assumed an emissivity of 0.85 for the Agar gel [28]. A metal plate placed below the gel phantom served as the ground electrode. The saline level was within ∼1 mm of the surface of the gel phantom. Because infrared imaging can only measure surface temperatures, the central region of the thermal lesion where we measured temperature by infrared imaging needed to be exposed. Therefore, the setup has one difference from typical experimental setups used to emulate cardiac ablation [8,11]: the ablation catheter was situated at the edge of the phantom to enable imaging of the heated phantom surface. The setup is visualized in Figure 2, with Figure 2(B) showing the catheter position relative to the phantom for perpendicular and parallel catheter orientations.