China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Theranostics: A New Holistic Approach in Nanomedicine
Published in D. Sakthi Kumar, Aswathy Ravindran Girija, Bionanotechnology in Cancer, 2023
Ankit Rochani, Sreejith Raveendran
Radioactive isotope tagged graphene (known as radio-graphene) is one of the interesting designs being explored for theranostic applications. 131I and 125I labeled PEG-coated GOs were used for the development of nuclear imaging-guided radio and photothermal therapy [82]. Further, 105TRC tagged PEG-GO was developed, which was later tagged with 64Cu using 1, 4, 7-triazacyclononane-1, 4, 7-triacetic acid ((NOTA), a known chelator for 64Cu labeling) [83]. Various radio-graphene materials have been developed to date and shown to be effective against various forms of cancer conditions [84]. However, the safe removal of the radioactive material from the body or its metabolism remains unanswered. These products help increase targeting to cancer tissue and therapeutic effect via localized heating due to gamma radiation. PET scan or gamma imaging is the most commonly used imaging technique for the radio-graphene theranostic system.
Home and Away
Published in Alan Perkins, Life and Death Rays, 2021
The amount of background radiation from the earth varies from place to place depending on the underlying geology. In general, the terrain above granite rock formations have greater levels of background radiation. About 75% of background radiation comes from the earth either as radon gas or natural gamma radiation emitted by soil and rocks. The remaining 25% come from radionuclides incorporated in the human body through diet and from cosmic radiation. The areas in the world with the highest levels of natural background radiation include Ramsar, near the Caspian Sea in Iran, Guarapari on the southeast coast of Brazil, Karunagappalli in the Indian state of Kerala, Arkaroola in South Australia and Yangjiang in southern China. The Ramsar Talesh Mahalleh district in Iran is considered to be the most radioactive inhabited area of natural radiation on earth, due to the radioactivity in the ground, building materials and from the waters of nearby hot springs. The residents living in this district receive an average dose of 10 mSv per year. If you lie on the Guarapari beach in Brazil radiation levels could reach 175 mSv per year. Many studies have been carried out to determine if people living in these areas have higher incidence of cancer or childhood deaths than those living in areas of average background radiation. The published studies have not shown any positive correlation between cancer incidence and increasing dose rates in regions with elevated natural background radiation.
Area and Individual Radiation Monitoring
Published in Arash Darafsheh, Radiation Therapy Dosimetry: A Practical Handbook, 2021
Thermo Scientific™6 EPDs measure ionizing radiation in real time [26]. They are equipped with both audible and visual alarms; and can be used to measure gamma radiation, beta radiation, neutron radiation, and x-rays. Various models are available.The EPD-TruDoseTM measures Hp(10) within ±5% for 137Cs and Hp(0.07) within ±15% for 90Sr/90Y. It can measure photons in the energy range of 16 keV to 10 MeV. It has a dose rate range of 1 µSv/h to 10 Sv/h and a dose range of 1 µSv–10 Sv.
Effects of gamma irradiation on morphology and protein differential in M1V1 population of Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Rohayu Ma’Arup, Nur Syazwani Ali, Fisal Ahmad, Zaiton Ahmad, Mohamad Feisal Mohamed Norawi, Homaa Faezah Moinuddin
The investigations were carried out at the main campus nursery of University Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus in December 2019. Thirty cuttings of Vanilla planifolia (100 cm length) from Amani Vanilla Temerloh, Pahang were irradiated using Biobeam GM 8000 at the Division of Agrotechnology and Biosciences, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi. The source of gamma radiation was Caesium-137. Each dose of gamma (γ) radiation (0, 10, 30, 40, and 50 Gy) has five replicates of vanilla cuttings that were cultivated in a pot containing a soil mixture. The soil ratio was 4 (topsoil): 1(sand): 4 (cocopeat and charcoal to improve drainage and retained moisture of the soil) were used in this experiments. The pots were arranged in Complete Randomized Design (CRD) as an experimental design and cultivated under a 70% mesh black net. The manual irrigation system is used (once a day) with full capacity. Two types of fertilizer were used; goat manure (5 kg ha−1) and effective microbes (EM, foliar fertilizer). All the standard cultural operations were followed.
Radiosensitivity of seedling traits to varying gamma doses, optimum dose determination and variation in determined doses due to different time of sowings after irradiation and methods of irradiation in faba bean genotypes
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2023
Rajdeep Guha Mallick, Subhradeep Pramanik, Manas Kumar Pandit, Akhilesh Kumar Gupta, Subhrajit Roy, Sanjay Jambhulkar, Ashutosh Sarker, Rajib Nath, Somnath Bhattacharyya
Plant tissues when exposed to ionizing radiation results in increased production of superoxide molecules and reactive oxygen species which have severe negative consequences on different macromolecules important for the functional and structural integrity of the plant. Ionizing radiation can result in the production of peroxyl radicals in membranes which affects cross membrane transport of ions causing radiation sickness in plants (Dowlath et al. 2021). Cellular proteins are impaired by ionizing radiation causing a reduced degree or complete loss of protein functions resulting in dysregulation of multiple important biochemical pathways. There are several kinds of DNA damage induced by radiation of which double-strand breakages are very difficult to recondition. These double-strand breakages often steer accelerated aging and sometimes lethality (Neijenhuis et al. 2009; Dowlath et al. 2021). The delicate balance between reactive oxygen species and their scavengers is very important for the survival of the respective cell (Trachootham et al. 2008). Increased production of oxidants disturbs the redox state of cells which hastens the aging of cells and sometimes, death (Dowlath et al. 2021). These facts contextualized the determination of optimum doses of gamma radiation.
Effects of the Cobalt-60 gamma radiation on Pichia pastoris glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Published in International Journal of Radiation Biology, 2022
Abdelghani Iddar, Mohammed El Mzibri, Adnane Moutaouakkil
Gamma radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation and most studied due to its power of ionization, great capacity of penetration and the relative ease of performing external gamma exposure under controlled conditions (Lind et al. 2019). The gamma radiation effects have been studied in different organisms from human cells to higher plants, animals and microorganisms (Vanhoudt et al. 2010; Múčka et al. 2013; Kwon et al. 2014; Graupner et al. 2016). The relationship between radiation and various biological abnormalities on the cell has been established (Reisz et al. 2014; Nurmansyah et al. 2018). There are irreparable (lethal) and repairable damage (sublethal and potentially lethal damage) produced by ionizing radiations of the cell. Several factors play an important role in the cell protection from this damage as physical factors (absorbed dose, dose rate or the pattern of energy deposition of the radiation) and biological factors (capacity of the cell for recovery) (Chew et al. 2019). The penetration of gamma radiation can interact directly or indirectly with matter. Previous studies have reported that direct radiation can cause metabolic alterations, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) damage and changes in growth, development and reproductive capacity (Vanhoudt et al. 2010; Maremonti et al. 2019). On the other hand, gamma radiation can act indirectly by radiolysis of water and result in the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and causing on their turn cellular damage (Esnault et al. 2010; Reisz et al. 2014).