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Central Nervous System Effects of Essential Oil Compounds
Published in K. Hüsnü Can Başer, Gerhard Buchbauer, Handbook of Essential Oils, 2020
Elaine Elisabetsky, Domingos S. Nunes
The most common test for identifying a hypnotic effect is the potentiation of barbital-induced sleep in mice: different doses of the test compound are given in combination with a fixed dose of pentobarbital; the latency to sleep and total sleep time are measured. Sleeping time is defined by the time elapsed between the loss and recover of the righting reflex. EEG analysis allows for a detailed analysis of sleep architecture, including times of rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) and rounds of wakefulness.
History of Neurofeedback
Published in Hanno W. Kirk, Restoring the Brain, 2020
There was yet another problem. Neither the field of neurology nor that of psychiatry had yet adopted digital EEG analysis to guide therapies, so the neurofeedback field had just multiplied its challenges of persuading the mainstream rather than reduced them. It did not help that individual neurofeedback clinicians were typically not credentialed in EEG diagnostics. Hence there was the messenger problem. Further, in its early days, the whole field of digital EEG analysis was riven with controversies because many issues had simply not yet been resolved. Expert analysis of clinical cases rarely corresponded between experts. Then there was also a fundamental problem lying at the root of the whole enterprise, namely that EEG deviations sometimes reflect accommodations rather than deficits, which complicates targeting. EEG deviations were often so numerous that clinical judgment was required to establish the appropriate hierarchy of targets, and, perhaps worst of all, the state dependence of the EEG (the very thing that makes it a good training variable) argues against its use as a diagnostic. The EEG varies substantially with ultradian rhythmicity, for example, a topic dealt with in Chapter 4. Meanwhile, the promise of professional guidance toward reliable prescriptions for training protocols served to attract weak players into the field.
Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Signal Analysis
Published in Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam, Introduction to Computational Health Informatics, 2019
Arvind Kumar Bansal, Javed Iqbal Khan, S. Kaisar Alam
Another technique to perform EEG analysis is to make a histogram of polarity changes for a fixed time-interval and match the histogram. To calculate polarity changes, the values x(t) > 0 is mapped to +1, and the value x(t) < 0 is mapped to −1. The whole sequence of values is mapped to a sequence of {+1, −1}. After that the sequence is mapped to a sequence of numbers so each number represents the number of discrete time-intervals when the polarity was same. For the sequence in Problem 7.17, make the polarity change based histogram and calculate the dissimilarity.
Review of “EEG/ERP Analysis: Methods and Applications,” edited by Kamel Nidal and Aamir Saeed Malik
Published in The Neurodiagnostic Journal, 2023
Due to the nature of the book, the target audience would be anyone who works in the clinical setting or research equally, but due to the range of areas covered in this book, the target audience is still wide, being appropriate for anyone working in neuroscience, psychology/psychiatry, neurology, nursing, biomedical fields, and even neurodiagnostic technology. Neurodiagnostic technologists would find special interest in this book, as it goes into depth on seizure detections, signal processing, and the use of qEEG in neurological injury. For the technologist, other areas of interest would be the future use of EEG analysis in epilepsy surgeries, the combining of EEG with other diagnostic tests, and the multimodality functions of the EEG. The chapters covering the use of EEG in neurofeedback, diagnosing and treating psychiatric disorders, and brain-computer interface provide the neurodiagnostic technologist an opportunity to explore and learn about the utility of EEG in lesser-known clinical and research settings. For the neurodiagnostic technologist, this book provides beneficial information about current and future testing and can help technologists by increasing their awareness of the EEG field at large and giving them a chance to potentially decide to pursue skills that may help them in their future.
Sleep-promoting activity of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) rhizome water extract via GABAA receptors
Published in Pharmaceutical Biology, 2022
Yejin Ahn, Singeun Kim, Chunwoong Park, Jung Eun Kim, Hyung Joo Suh, Kyungae Jo
Electrodes (Emka Technologies, Paris, France) were fixed on the skull surface of SD rats as previously described (Jo et al. 2021b). The LE-administered groups were orally administered with LE 1 h before EEG analysis. EEG changes were recorded between 11:00 and 18:00 every day for 9 days. Alprazolam (300 μg/kg), a sleeping pill, was used as a PC (n = 8/group). Cortical EEGs were obtained using Iox2 (version. 2.8.0.13; Emka Technologies) and the spectra were analysed in 1 Hz frequency bins and standard frequency bands (δ = 0.5–4 Hz; θ = 4–8 Hz; α = 8–12 Hz; β = 12–30 Hz; γ = 30–60 Hz). After EEG recording, a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) was performed every 2 s. Wake (β waves) and sleep times (sleep: sum of REM and NREM; REM: α waves; NREM: sum of δ and θ waves) were calculated using the ecgAUTO3 program (version. 3.3.0.20; Emka Technologies) based on average FTT data obtained at 10-s intervals in the 0–30 Hz range (Kim et al. 2021). To assess the sleep-enhancing effect of LE, an insomnia rat model was established by oral administration of caffeine (n = 8/group). In the caffeine control group, caffeine alone was orally administered for 4 days, and in the LE group, LE (120 or 150 mg/kg) was orally administered along with caffeine (40 mg/kg). Next, EEG analysis was performed as described above.
Previous, current, and future stereotactic EEG techniques for localising epileptic foci
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2022
Debayan Dasgupta, Anna Miserocchi, Andrew W. McEvoy, John S. Duncan
In the near-future hybrid microscopes will give surgeons options of intuitive and interactive overlays of every aspect of the detailed SEEG implantation planning, multi-modal imaging and presurgical investigations across microscope, exoscope, and wearable AR goggles, all integrated with the improved navigation and robot-assisted navigation and implantation. This is an optimal solution allowing the surgeon to adapt to the anatomy and challenges encountered intra-operatively. Within the next 5 years, we also see the development of EEG analysis tools based on machine learning algorithms that are likely to work synergistically with neurophysiology experts and significantly improve the speed and efficiency of EEG and SEEG analysis and 3D visualization, just as the intelligent computer-assisted planning has already done, and will continue to do with the presurgical planning of SEEG trajectories.