China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Pulmonary Function Testing
Published in Pudupakkam K Vedanthan, Harold S Nelson, Shripad N Agashe, PA Mahesh, Rohit Katial, Textbook of Allergy for the Clinician, 2021
Ekta Kakkar, Flavia CL Hoyte, Devasahayam J Christopher, Rohit K Katial
This chapter has reviewed the data available through pulmonary function testing and its utility in management of pulmonary conditions. Spirometry is often completed in-office as providers monitor the progression of chronic lung diseases. Lung plethysmography and diffusion capacity testing must be completed in an air-tight chamber but can provide additional information to help physicians make diagnostic and treatment decisions. The data obtained from PFTs can help differentiate between lung diseases, including obstructive and restrictive disease and can be used to assess safety before surgical procedures.
Symptomatic Giant Hiatal Hernia with Intrathoracic Stomach
Published in Savio George Barreto, Shailesh V. Shrikhande, Dilemmas in Abdominal Surgery, 2020
In patients with severe shortness of breath, formal pulmonary function testing is recommended to assist both pre-anesthetic assessment and deciding how likely the hernia is contributing to the patient’s symptoms. Similarly, in patients with chest pain, a cardiac assessment to rule out cardiac causes needs to be considered.
Clinical evaluation of the patient with suspected ILD
Published in Muhunthan Thillai, David R Moller, Keith C Meyer, Clinical Handbook of Interstitial Lung Disease, 2017
The role of pulmonary function testing is to document baseline status, monitor for disease progression, predict prognosis and provide objective evidence of response to therapy. Full pulmonary function testing, including spirometry, lung volumes and diffusion capacity, is performed at baseline. Spirometry alone is insufficient, as a reduction in vital capacity should be confirmed with concomitant reduction in total lung capacity (73). Once a disease pattern is confirmed, spirometry and diffusion capacity are sufficient in follow-up. Physiologic testing is preferred for longitudinal monitoring of disease, as it is more sensitive than CT and minimizes unnecessary radiation.
Acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia following the COVID-19 mRNA-1273 vaccine
Published in Canadian Journal of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, 2022
Stephanie Nevison, David Hwang, Anastasia Oikonomou, Lee Fidler
Bronchoscopy with lavage and transbronchial biopsies showed significant lymphocytosis (62.7% of cell count) without eosinophils observed. Bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cultures were negative for COVID-19, bacteria, mycobacteria, and fungus. Biopsies cultured Streptococcus constellatus (suspected contaminant, not grown in washings). Histopathology demonstrated acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonia (AFOP), without eosinophils or hyaline membranes identified (Figure 2). The case was reviewed at a multidisciplinary discussion, resulting in a provisional diagnosis of AFOP secondary to mRNA-1273 vaccination. He was treated with corticosteroids and experienced rapid improvement of symptoms and imaging. Pulmonary function testing was normal within 6 weeks of starting treatment.
Update on the diagnosis and management of pediatric laryngotracheal stenosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Matthew M Smith, Lauren S Buck
In patients with pulmonary disease or a history of prematurity, it is prudent to obtain pulmonary function testing in the setting of suspected respiratory abnormalities. Additionally, patients may complain of nonspecific respiratory symptoms, and have a combination of both structural airway obstruction and underlying lung disease. Pulmonary testing can then help to determine the contribution from primary lung disease and help to guide treatment. Maintaining good ventilation and oxygenation is crucial for those patients undergoing single-staged procedures. In anticipation of the surgery, working in conjunction with pulmonology to maximize the patient’s lung function will help to delay prolonged post-operative respiratory complications. Pulmonary function testing may help to differentiate the contribution from primary lung disease versus airway obstruction as patients may have both underlying pathologies.
Pathophysiology and clinical evaluation of the patient with unexplained persistent dyspnea
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2022
Andi Hudler, Fernando Holguin, Meghan Althoff, Anne Fuhlbrigge, Sunita Sharma
When the diagnosis is not obvious from the initial history and examination, there is general agreement that additional testing should be performed, including complete pulmonary function testing with pre- and post-bronchodilator spirometry, chest radiograph, laboratory testing (complete blood count, arterial gases, thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], brain natriuretic peptide [BNP]), and evaluation of bronchial hyperresponsiveness with methacholine testing. If the diagnosis is not made at this stage, subsequent noninvasive testing [27] can include additional pulmonary testing with chest computed tomography (CT), ventilation perfusion scans, or even bronchoscopy (for example, to evaluate for dynamic airway collapse or stenosis) and additional cardiac testing (transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE), stress testing, nuclear cardiac imaging and catheterization). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is also proposed as part of the dyspnea diagnostic algorithm [17–19]. This test is an invaluable tool to understanding the underlying pathophysiology and narrowing the list of potential diagnoses as it can provide information not readily available with other testing modalities. For example, CPET can be used to measure operating lung volumes and identify abnormal breathing patterns that lead to ventilatory insufficiency during exercise. This in turn causes dissociation between IND and the physiologic response of the dynamic respiratory system, a mechanism that can significantly worsen the subjective feeling of dyspnea [28,29].