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Antiasthma Agents during Pregnancy
Published in “Bert” Bertis Britt Little, Drugs and Pregnancy, 2022
Asthma is the most common pulmonary disease in pregnancy is an obstructive pulmonary disease charaterized by reversible chronic airway hyperreactivity to a variety of stimuli (Box 5.1). During an acute asthmatic attack, airway resistance is increased while forced expiratory flow and volume rates are decreased. Asthma complicates approximately 4–8 percent of pregnancies pregnancy (Bracken et al., 2003), and has increased more than fourfold since 1990 (ACOG, 2008). Asthma severity varies over the course of pregnancy, but it is not established that the disease is aggravated during gestation.
Asthma
Published in T.M. Craft, P.M. Upton, Key Topics In Anaesthesia, 2021
Asthma is a chronic disease characterized by increased responsiveness of the tracheobronchial tree to various stimuli (e.g. inhaled allergens, infection, exercise, anxiety, cold or drugs). It manifests as widespread airway narrowing with mucosal oedema and a cellular infiltrate. Reversibility of airway obstruction is characteristic and distinguishes asthma from the fixed obstruction of chronic bronchitis and emphysema. The severity of airflow obstruction varies widely over short periods of time but airway resistance maybe normal for long periods. The prevalence of asthma is 3-6%.
Respiratory system
Published in Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge, MCQs in Paediatrics, 2020
Jagdish M. Gupta, John Beveridge
7.5. Which of the following statements regarding pulmonary function is/are true? Carbon dioxide diffuses more rapidly than oxygen.Compliance is a measure of the elastic characteristic of the respiratory system.Airway resistance is directly related to lung volume.Tidal volume is determined by the functional residual capacity.In normal children, FEVj is more than 75% of vital capacity.
Factors affecting the success of pulmonary rehabilitation in asthma
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2023
Seher Satar, Mustafa Engin Sahın, Pinar Ergun
Increased airway resistance, which results from chronic inflammation, hypersensitivity to direct or indirect stimuli, and variable airflow obstruction, can impair respiratory muscle function in patients with asthma. This can cause tension on the respiratory muscles, and an increased requirement for breathing, particularly during exercise (23,24). According to the results of the studies, inspiratory muscle training (IMT) decreases inspiratory muscle fatigue, improves dyspnea perception, and exercise tolerance (24). In our study, we applied IMT in patients who required it based on MIP data, and we discovered a statistically significant increase in MIP after PR. Furthermore, we found that MIP gains were significantly correlated with age, and that MIP gains were higher in younger age groups.
Impact of moderate-severe persistent allergic rhinitis on thoraco-abdominal kinematics and respiratory muscle function
Published in Journal of Asthma, 2020
Priscila Figueiredo dos Santos Silva, Armèle Dornelas de Andrade, Larissa Carvalho de Andrade, Helga Cecília Muniz de Souza, Luciana Alcoforado, Cyda Maria Albuquerque Reinaux, Dulciane Nunes Paiva, José Ângelo Rizzo, Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti Sarinho
Some limitations have to be considered. First, the fact that spirometry was not performed; however, we note that the subjects had no symptoms or clinical reports of asthma. We agree that asthma and allergic rhinitis are frequently associated, which made it difficult to select the sample in recruiting patients with allergic rhinitis without asthma. In addition, it was not feasible to measure nasal airway resistance in the current study’s subjects. However, Fauroux et al. explained a possible association between airway resistance and the development of reduced inspiratory muscle strength in individuals with obstructive airways diseases due to the increase in time constant, explaining the dampening of the pressure changes during a short maneuver such as a sniff [34]. Our results highlight that the AR influenced respiratory muscle strength, volume distribution and electromyographic activity of the diaphragm, which to our knowledge has not yet been systematically evaluated, thus providing better understanding about the influence of AR on the respiratory system.
Upper airway resistance syndrome 2018: non-hypoxic sleep-disordered breathing
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
William C. Arnold, Christian Guilleminault
But, for many SDB began very early in life. We have indicated how problems may be suspected at birth and recognized even in early infancy. Specialists should now recognize and treat not ‘UARS’ but ‘non-hypoxic’ SDB avoiding further evolution of health problem and probable slow worsening overtime. Current sleep polysomnographic equipment, in laboratory or ambulatory, allows us to perform more sophisticated recordings than ever before- even if Pes is still a gold standard- and allows us to perform appropriate analyses of recorded signals. The key issue is to monitor appropriately many variables and to know how to score them. The Brazilian group has defined on their population sample, the normative limits of ‘flow limitation’ in adults. Such investigation should be replicated, as nasal cannula allows appropriate recording of IFL, particularly when using a DC channel (see Figure 5). Appropriate investigation of the expiratory part of the breathing cycle may suggest the presence of abnormal airway resistance. Systematic analysis of mouth breathing during sleep should be mandatory, as mouth breathing always indicates an increase in airway resistance due to the tongue and mandibular position associated with mouth breathing supine, and any study of treatment should involve evaluation of appropriate nasal breathing during sleep, as restoration of normal nasal breathing is the only indication of successful treatment results.