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The Use of Imagery in Alleviating Depression
Published in Anees A. Sheikh, Imagination and Healing, 2019
After two weeks, the students in the three imagery conditions reported lower levels of depression (as measured by the Beck Depressive Inventory [11]) than the students in the no treatment condition. They also reported lower levels of depression on the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale [62] and higher mood ratings, but these findings did not reach significance. Six months later, the thirty-one students who responded to a follow-up questionnaire reported no significant differences in level of depression. Nevertheless, of the twenty-one students in the three imagery conditions, 57 percent reported noticing a change in mood as a result of the study; whereas, of the eight students in the no treatment condition, only 13 percent reported noticing such a change. Sixty-two percent of the students in the imagery conditions also reported that they were applying what they had learned through the study, but only 38 percent of those in the no treatment condition reported so doing. Thus, while the initial changes in level of depression as a result of practicing directed imagery for a two week period are quite promising, the degree of benefit does appear to diminish gradually over time. Such a finding in a six month follow-up study is not surprising. What is indeed impressive and encouraging, however, is that mildly depressed students are likely to report noticing a change in mood even six months after experiencing a two week directed imagery practice period.
Development of palliative medicine in the United Kingdom and Ireland
Published in Eduardo Bruera, Irene Higginson, Charles F von Gunten, Tatsuya Morita, Textbook of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, 2015
142 Kozeny J. Psychometric properties of the Zung self-rating depression scale. Act Nerv Super (Praha) 1987;29:279-284. 143 Van Marwijk HW, van der Zwan AA, Mulder JD Jr. The family physician and depression in the elderly. A pilot study of prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in the elderly in 2 family practices. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 1991;22:129-133.
Depression and sleep quality in psoriatic patients: impact of psoriasis severity
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2020
Maria Luca, Maria Letizia Musumeci, Elisabetta D’Agata, Giuseppe Micali
In addition, a psychiatrist approached each patient asking to fill in the following questionnaires:Zung Self-rating Depression Scale-SDS (Zung, 1965; Thurber, Snow, & Honts, 2002): a 20-item self-administered questionnaire investigating the presence of depression-related affective, psychological, and somatic symptoms. The total score is converted into a z score. A z score >50 was considered as a cut-off for depression.Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index-PSQI (Buysse, Reynolds, Monk, Berman, & Kupfer, 1989; Mollayeva et al., 2016): a 19-item self-report questionnaire assessing sleep quality (e.g., sleep disturbances, use of sleeping medication, daytime dysfunction) over a 1-month time interval. It includes an open answer to report sleep-disturbing factors. The PSQI score ≥5 was considered as a cut-off for poor sleep quality.
Effect of Foeniculum vulgare (fennel) on symptoms of depression and anxiety in postmenopausal women: a double-blind randomised controlled trial
Published in Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 2018
Masumeh Ghazanfarpour, Fatemeh Mohammadzadeh, Paymaneh shokrollahi, Talat Khadivzadeh, Mona Najaf Najafi, Hamidreza Hajirezaee, Maliheh Afiat
The Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale consisted of 20 items, which were divided into 10 positively-worded and 10 negatively-worded items. It was scored on a scale of 1 (rarely or never) to 4 (most of the time). The total scores were in the range of 20–80 and cut off scores may be less than or equal to 49 (no depression), between 50 and 59 (mild depression), between 60 and 69 (moderate to marked major depression) and 70 or higher (severe or extreme major depression). The Cronbach’s alphas were reported as .90 in Iran (Pahlavanzadeh et al. 2010), .70 in Brazil (Chagas et al. 2010) and .80 in Korea (Castellanos et al. 2014). The convergent validity and diagnostic discrimination of the questionnaire were confirmed (Luca et al. 2016).
Anxiety and depression and its correlates in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan
Published in International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice, 2021
Xue-Dan Nie, Qin Wang, Min-Nan Wang, Shuai Zhao, Lei Liu, Yu-Lan Zhu, Hong Chen
Depression was assessed using the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). The SDS consists of 20 items that measure symptoms of depression. The patients rated each item for the degree to which each statement applied to them on a Likert-type scale of 1 to 4. A total raw SDS score was obtained by summing the ratings of the 20 items, which was divided by 80 to create a depression severity index. Depression was diagnosed if the depression severity index was greater than 0.5, and classified as mild depression (0.5–0.59), moderate depression (0.6–0.69), and severe depression (≥ 0.7) (Zung 1965).