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Change: Little Eyolf, Henrik Ibsen (1894)
Published in Ewan Jeffrey, David Jeffrey, Enhancing Compassion in End-of-Life Care Through Drama, 2021
Traumatic grief such as Eyolf’s sudden death often results in the intrusion of distressing images and thoughts into the memories of the bereaved. Rita imagines she hears the words ‘The crutch is – floating. The crutch is – floating’. She appeals to Alfred: ‘Oh, surely you must hear it, too!’ but he hears nothing. Rita is haunted by the memory of Eyolf’s staring eyes under the water. ‘I want to make my peace with the great, open eyes, you see.’
The BATHE technique: Key to making your practice patient-centered
Published in Marian Stuart, Joseph Lieberman, The Fifteen Minute Hour, 2018
Marian Stuart, Joseph Lieberman
Patients are often overcome when they suffer significant losses. Traumatic grief has been shown to negatively affect both physical and psychological health.27 When working with a bereaved patient or discovering a situation of unresolved grief during a routine BATHE inquiry, you should explain the need for working through feelings related to significant relationships that have been terminated through death or other circumstances. Grief work can usually be accomplished in six or eight sessions.
Psychiatric Emergencies in Grief
Published in R. Thara, Lakshmi Vijayakumar, Emergencies in Psychiatry in Low- and Middle-Income Countries, 2017
Researchers have suggested that the word bereavement be used to refer to the fact of the loss; the word grief should then be used to describe the emotional, cognitive, functional, and behavioral responses to the death. Also, grief is often used more broadly to refer to the response to other kinds of loss. For example, people grieve the loss of their youth, of opportunities, and of functional abilities. The word mourning is sometimes used interchangeably with bereavement and grief, usually referring more specifically to the behavioral manifestations of grief, which are influenced by social and cultural rituals, such as funerals, visitations, or other customs. Complicated grief, sometimes referred to as unresolved or traumatic grief, is the current designation for a syndrome of prolonged and intense grief that is associated with substantial impairment in work, health, and social functioning.
Exhibition and Film About Miscarriage, Infertility, and Stillbirth: Art Therapy Implications
Published in Art Therapy, 2020
Traumatic experiences can be categorized into different levels of intensity. Simple trauma stems from a single incident whereas developmental trauma originates during early childhood which impairs typical healthy development (Perry, 2009; van der Kolk, 2014). Complex trauma is multilayered and relates to multiple traumatic events that impair functioning (van der Kolk, Hart & Burbridge, 2002). Traumatic grief results from the death of a significant other followed by yearning, searching, or longing, and later by persistent depressive symptoms that cause significant impairment (Jacobs, Mazure, & Prigerson, 2000). The psychological and psychosocial impact of people who have experienced miscarriage conforms to this definition of traumatic grief (DeFrain, Millspaugh, & Xiaolin, 1996).
Challenges with optimizing nutrition in cystic fibrosis
Published in Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine, 2019
Carla Colombo, Rita Maria Nobili, Gianfranco Alicandro
We have also to consider that self-esteem, and consequently body image are connected with parental attitudes toward the child and his/her body. The potentially traumatic grief associated with diagnosis can affect caregiving behaviors, child attachment, and parent perception of child vulnerability. Given the critical role of nutrition in disease outcome, mealtimes can induce negative interactions between parent and child [18]. Therefore, careful consideration of family functioning, parental mental health and the way to manage a ‘normal’ function like feeding could prevent destructive behaviors in the child and adolescent. In fact, parent/child attachment is probably the most protective quality in order to prevent psychological suffering and to sustain successful adaptation to life regardless of health status.
Subjective Experience of Art Therapists in the Treatment of Bereaved Clients
Published in Art Therapy, 2019
Bereavement researchers stress that grief is a normal reaction to the death of a loved one. Most people, in time, come to terms with their loss. However, if the grief process is hindered and the bereaved person suffers psychological distress or impaired functioning, psychotherapeutic intervention might be of help (Rubin et al., 2012). Complicated grief was first delineated through the psychoanalytic lens (e.g., Deutch, 1937) and continues to concern clinicians and researchers today (Stroebe et al., 2008). A central concept refers to pathological mourning, which describes persistent feelings of helplessness and hopelessness (Bibring, 1953) around achieving the desired return of the deceased (Bleichmar, 2010). The psychic suffering in pathological mourning could trigger defensive processes that are an attempt to avoid pain (e.g., Brenner, 1982; Pollock, 1989). Traumatic grief is a loss following trauma (Rynearson, 2001). In such cases, therapeutic interventions should address the double focus of loss and trauma in an integrated and interrelated manner (Rubin et al., 2012). Grief therapy emphasizes the therapist’s need to address the complexities of the client’s mourning process. In the two-track model (Rubin 1981, 1999), therapeutic interventions should relate to both tracks, with attention to the dynamics of each and their interactions. According to the DPM, therapy will encourage either loss-oriented or restoration-oriented coping strategies, contributing to the ability to oscillate between them (Stroebe, Schut, & Stroebe, 2005).