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The Effect of Premenstrual Symptoms on Creative Thinking
Published in Diana L. Taylor, Nancy F. Woods, Menstruation, Health, and Illness, 2019
The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (Torrance, 1962) are reliable and valid tests of verbal and figural creative thinking. The verbal tests consist of seven activities: Asking, Guessing Causes, Guessing Consequences, Product Improvement, Unusual Uses, Unusual Questions, and Just Suppose. The figural tests consist of three activities: Picture Completion, Picture Construction, and the Parallel Lines or Circles Task. The tests yield separate scores for fluency (the ability to generate a number of ideas), flexibility (the ability to generate different types of ideas), originality (the ability to generate unique or statistically infrequent ideas), and elaboration (figural tests only: the ability to fill out or elaborate on ideas). Forms A and B, with an average intercorrelation of .88, were administered approximately 15 days apart.
Traumatic brain injury and creative divergent thinking
Published in Brain Injury, 2020
Arianna Rigon, Justin Reber, Nirav N. Patel, Melissa C. Duff
The ATTA is a shortened version of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. It was chosen over the original version of the test because of its abbreviated format and its ease of administration with clinical populations with fatigue problems. The ATTA is a valid (alpha = .72) and reliable test (r = .78) (15) and it has been used to assess creative divergent thinking in studies on both healthy and clinical populations. It requires approximately 15 minutes to administer; it is a paper and pencil assessment, composed of three activities, each with a 3-minute limit. In Activity 1, participants are asked to imagine that they can walk on air or fly, and to list the problems that they might encounter. In Activity 2, two incomplete figures are presented, and the respondent is asked to draw pictures centered around them, in order to make them as unusual as possible. Each incomplete figure is composed of a few lines (parallel or intersecting), and the two figures are presented side by side. In Activity 3, participants are presented with an array of nine triangles (3 by 3) and asked to draw pictures of one or more objects incorporating them.
Cognitive and Affective Benefits of Coloring: Two Randomized Controlled Crossover Studies
Published in Art Therapy, 2019
Nicola J. Holt, Leah Furbert, Emily Sweetingham
Figural Divergent Thinking Activity From the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking. The figural divergent thinking activity from the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT; Torrance, 1990) consists of nine identical shapes on a sheet of A4 paper (triangles or circles), with the request to “see how many objects you can make from the triangles/circles below.” Responses are scored according to fluency (number of responses), flexibility (how many different ideas are represented), and originality (how rare responses are compared with normative responses). The TTCT has good reliability and predictive validity (Torrance, 1990).
Convergent thinking and traumatic brain injury: an investigation of performance on the remote associate test
Published in Brain Injury, 2018
Arianna Rigon, Justin Reber, Nirav N. Patel, Melissa C. Duff
Creativity is the capacity to generate adaptive and original ideas, and it is a universal human attribute that plays a crucial role in everyday life (2). Creativity requires the orchestration of different types of cognition, which range from the ability to produce varied and original ideas (divergent thinking/problem solving) to the ability to find a specific solution to a problem (convergent thinking/problem solving) (3–5). Divergent thinking has been measured with tasks such as the Alternative Uses Task, which requires participants to generate original uses for everyday objects (e.g. using a shoe as a flowerpot) or with subtests of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, which assess the ability to imagine and describe unusual situations or draw imaginative figures (6). Convergent thinking, on the other hand, is often measured using the Remote Associate Task (RAT) (7). When completing the RAT, participants are shown compounds made up of three cue words related with each other (e.g. guy, rain, down), and are asked to identify a fourth word (solution) that is associated with all three cues (e.g. fall). The solution can be related with each of the three words by forming a compound word (e.g. rainfall, downfall) or common phrase (e.g. fall guy, fall down) when combined with it, or because it has a close semantic association with it. While the RAT has been used as a general measure of creativity, several studies have suggested that it is a specific measure of convergent thinking processes in creativity (5), as it requires the individual to hone in on a specific solution to a problem (8). Convergent thinking measured by the RAT is in turn associated with, although distinguishable from, other higher-order cognitive processes such as working memory, associational fluency, intelligence (5), as well as declarative (episodic) memory (9). The RAT is a valid and reliable test of convergent problem solving (10,11). To date, no research has examined how creativity, either in the form of convergent or divergent thinking, is affected by TBI.